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Chapter 1 A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a chemical change? | When a change in matter alters the basic nature of the substance. |
| What is potential energy? | Inactive or stored energy. |
| How do isotopes differ from each other? | The number of neutrons they possess. |
| What does decomposition of a protein produce? | Amino acids |
| What is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus called? | The atomic mass. |
| What are compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonding collectively termed? | Organic. |
| What results in a polar molecule? | When electrons are shared unequally. |
| What is the outermost shell of an atom called? | The valence shell. |
| An acid is a molecule that releases (donates) ___________. State the answer in two ways. | Protons / hydrogen ions |
| All _________ have an amine (N) group. | Amino acids |
| What specific category of carbohydrates are glycogen and starch examples of? | Polysaccharides. |
| A solution with a pH of 11.7 is _______ times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 8.7. | 1,000 |
| What specific category of lipids is cholesterol an example of? | Steroids. |
| What kind of proteins are enzymes an example of? | Functional/globular |
| What are the building blocks of nucleic acids called? | Nucleotides. |
| What is the universal energy compound that provides visible energy to cells? | Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
| (T/F) Inactive or stored energy is called kinetic energy. | False. |
| (T/F) Stored energy is called potential energy. | True. |
| (T/F) Negatively charged atoms are called cations. | False |
| (T/F) Atoms are the smaller particles of a compound that still retain the properties of that compound. | False. |
| (T/F) Calcium is one of the major elements composing the human body. | False |
| (T/F) Every atom in a molecule has a full valence shell. | True. |
| (T/F) Water is the single most abundant inorganic compound in the human body. | True. |
| (T/F) The lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions. | True. |
| (T/F) Compounds that ionize completely, producing large numbers of hydrogen ions (protons), are termed weak bases. | False. |
| (T/F) Carbon is found in all inorganic compounds. | False. |
| (T/F) When a solution produces equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, it is said to be neutral. | True. |
| (T/F) The normal pH of blood occupies a narrow range around 7.35-7.45. | True. |
| (T/F) Estrogen and cholesterol are both steroids. | True. |
| (T/F) Enzymes decrease the rates of chemical reactions. | False. |
| (T/F) Disruption of the hydrogen bonds of functional proteins leads to their denaturation. | True. |
| A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved is called ______. | Ionic bond. |
| A bond in which electrons are shared unequally is called _________. | A polar covalent bond. |
| A type of bond important in holding different parts of the same molecule together in three-dimensional structure is called ________. | Hydrogen bond. |
| A type of covalent bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons is called ______. | Single covalent bond. |
| A type of bond exhibited by carbon dioxide is ________. | Nonpolar covalent bond. |
| The particle(s) contributing the atomic mass. | Protons and neutrons. |
| The particle(s) contributing to the atomic number. | Protons. |
| The particle(s) shared during covalent bond formations. | Electrons. |
| The particle(s) that differ between isotopes. | Neutrons. |
| The particle(s) located within the nucleus. | Protons and neutrons. |
| The particle(s) lost during cation formation. | Electrons. |
| The number of protons is equal to the number of these subatomic particles. | Electrons. |
| Compare DNA and RNA | DNA is double stranded, contains thymine, it's located in the nucleus, hydrogen bonds and is longer. RNA is single stranded, contains uracil, is located in the cytoplasm (goes to ribosomes) no H bonds, and is shorter. |
| (T/F) RNA is the template for DNA | False |
| What are the three types of Carbohydrates? | Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides |
| What elements make up carbohydrates? | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
| What element bonds carbohydrates? | Oxygen |
| Name 3 examples of monosaccharides | Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose |
| Name 3 types of disaccharides | Lactose, sucrose, maltose |
| Describe dehydration synthesis | It is the process where the water molecule is lost and a disaccharide is formed |
| Describe hydrolosis | It's the opposite of dehydration synthesis. A water molecule is added and the bond is broken down. (Like in digestion) |
| Describe polysaccharides. | Long, branching chains of linked simple sugars. |
| What are monosaccharides the building blocks of? | Carbohydrates |
| DNA, RNA, and ATP are types of these organic compounds. | Nucleic acids |
| Triglycerides, steroids, and fat-soluble vitamins are types of these organic compounds. | Lipids. |
| Antibodies, some hormones, and enzymes are types of these organic compounds. | Proteins. |
| Building blocks of these organic compounds are amino acids. | Proteins. |
| Nucleotides form the building blocks of these organic compounds. | Nucleic acids. |
| Glycogen, glucose, and lactose are examples of these organic compounds. | Carbohydrates. |
| Most of this organic compound group are water insoluble. | Lipids. |
| Lipids are also known as _____. | Fats |
| Compare saturated fats and unsaturated fats | Saturated fats are more solid, and have single covalent bonds in its carbon atoms. Unsaturated fats have double covalent bonds. |
| Fibrous proteins can also be called _____. | Structural proteins |
| What are active sites? | The presence of particular collections of atoms. |
| Name an example of a functional protein. | Antibodies, hormones, transport proteins, catalysts (enzymes) |
| What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? | A nitrogen-containing base, a pentode sugar, and a phosphate group. |
| Why is ATP considered a nucleic acid? | Because it's structure contains a nitrogen made base, carbon sugar, and a phosphate group |
| Ionic compounds create ... | Salts |
Created by:
041802