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BGGS Yr 7 Chemistry
Everything You Need To Study For BGGS Yr 7 Chemistry Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a beaker? | A lipped, cylindrical container used to hold liquids. |
| What is a conical flask? | A laboratory flask with a flat bottom, a conical body and a cylindrical neck. |
| What are beaker tongs used for? | Used to transport hot beakers. |
| What are funnels used for? | Used to channel liquids through a small opening or seperate solid from liquid using filtration. |
| What is a evaporating basin used for? | Used to evaporate excess liquids to produce concentrated solution or precipitate. |
| What is a test tube? | A thin glass tube used to hold small amounts of material for experiments. |
| What does a test tube rack do? | Holds test tubes upright. |
| What is a test tube holder used for? | Used to hold and transport hot test tubes. |
| What is matter? | Anything that has mass and occupies space. It is made out of tiny particles which are called atoms. |
| What does the Kinetic Theory Of Matter State? | That all matter is made of tiny particles which are in constant, random motion. The degree of motion of these particles an the way they interact with other particles allows us to distinguish between solids, liquids and gases. |
| How are the particles in a solid arranged? | Very close together because of strong attraction force. |
| How much do particles in a solid move? | The particles are tightly bound together and can only vibrate. They are not free to move to another location. This means that solids have a fixed shape and constant volume. |
| Can a solid be compressed? | No, because the particles are so tightly packed that the space between them is minimal. |
| Can a solid flow? | No, because their particles are fixed in their position and are not free to move. |
| How are the particles in a liquid arranged? | Close together and strong attraction force however weaker than a solid's. |
| How much do particles in a liquid move? | The particles have enough free space to move about, but they are still attracted one another, no fixed shape as their particles are free to move and The volume of a liquid is constant because there is still attraction force. |
| Can a liquid be compressed? | No, because the space between is very small. |
| Can a liquid flow? | Yes, because the particles are not fixed in their position. |
| How are the particles in a gas arranged? | Far apart and very little attraction force. |
| How much do particles in a gas move? | Particles are far apart and can move about freely because free space. No fixed shape as the particles have very little attraction to each other. Results in particles being able to move in all directions to fill containers, do not have a constant volume. |
| Can a gas be compressed? | Yes, because there is a large amount of space between the particles. |
| Can a gas flow? | Yes, due to the small attraction between particles. |
| What is the meaning of the phase change 'melting'? | The process whereby a solid changes to a liquid. |
| What is the meaning of the phase change 'boiling'? | The process whereby heat is applied to a liquid causing bubbles of gas to form and rise to the surface. |
| What is the meaning of the phase change 'evaporation'? | The process whereby a liquid changes to a gas without boiling. |
| What is the meaning of the phase change 'vaporisation'? | The process whereby liquid changes to a gas by boiling or evaporation. |
| What is the meaning of the phase change 'condensation'? | The process whereby a gas changes to a liquid. |
| What is the meaning of the phase change 'solidification'? | The process whereby a liquid changes to a solid. |
| What is the meaning of the phase change 'sublimation'? | The process whereby a solid changes directly to a gas without passing the liquid phase. |
| What is the meaning of the phase change 'deposition'? | The process whereby a gas changes directly to a solid without passing the liquid phase. |
| What happens to the arrangement of particles when solids are heated? | When a solid is heated energy is absorbed by the particles. The particles vibrate faster and faster until the attractive forces between the particles begin to weaken. |
| What happens to the arrangement of particles when liquids are heated? | When more energy is added, the particles begin to move more quickly and the attractive forces between neighbouring particles weaken further. They have enough energy to escape from the liquid and move independently. |
| What happens to the arrangement of particles when liquids are cooled? | When the energy from a liquid substance escapes to the surroundings, the particles vibrate less and the attractive forces strengthen and are able to hold the particles in a neat arrangement. |
| What happens to the arrangement of particles when a gas is cooled to a liquid? | When energy is removed from a gaseous sample, the particles lose some of their kinetic energy and slow down. As the particles slow, the attractive forces between the particles strengthen. |
| What happens to the arrangement of particles when a gas is cooled to a solid? | When the energy is absorbed or removed by the cool sides of the container the particles lose their energy and slow down. The attractive forces strengthen and pull the particles directly into a neat arrangement. |
| What are pure substances? | Substances with only one type of particle present and all particles are the same. |
| What are mixtures? | Mixtures have more than one type of particle present and are substances that can be separated into 2 or more pure substances and in which the relative amount of the pure substance can vary. |
| What is the meaning of the term 'solvent'? | The substance which does the dissolving i.e.substance in which the solute dissolves to form a solution. |
| What is the meaning of the term 'solute'? | The substance whose particles are spread through the other substance i.e the substance dissolved in the solvent. |
| What is the meaning of the term 'solution'? | A mixture in which the particles of one substance spreads evenly throughout the other i.e. formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent. |
| What is the meaning of the term 'suspension'? | A mixture in which all the components are visible and the particles can be kept uniformly distributed throughout the mixture only by stirring. |
| What is the meaning of the term 'insoluble'? | When a substance is unable to dissolve it is insoluble. |
| What is the meaning of the term 'soluble'? | When a substance is able to dissolve it is soluble. |
| What is the meaning of the term 'miscible'? | When 2 liquids have the ability to mix into one another. |
| What is the meaning of the term 'immiscible'? | When 2 liquids don't have the ability to mix into one another. |
| How do you separate a soluble solid from a liquid? | Crystallisation is the technique used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid. This technique involved heating of the solution until the liquid component boils and is lost to the environment and the solid is left behind (known as a residue). |
| How do you separate an insoluble solid from a liquid? | Filtration is a technique which successfully separates an insoluble solid (known as the residue) from a liquid (known as the filtrate). It takes longer to set up the required equipment and you have to be very patient while the mixture is being filtered. |
| How do you separate two miscible liquids? | Distillation can be used to separate a liquid from a solution. The mixture is heated and changes into a gas. This gas is not able to escape and condensates to liquid. This liquid collected is known as a distillate. The residue is left. |
| How do you separate two immiscible liquids? | Gravity separation is the process used to separate immiscible liquids using a separating funnel. The process uses different densities in liquids to seperate the liquids by letting the liquid that is denser be collected in beaker first. |
| What is the set up necessary for decantation? | A glass stirring rod is placed over the top of a beaker with one end extending beyond the pouring lip of the beaker. When the beaker is tilted, the rod controls the water flow and minimises the amount of disturbance in the solid layer. |
| What is the set up necessary for filtration? | An apparatus is set up using a retort stand, a clamp, a retort ring, a filter funnel and a beaker. Filter paper is folded and placed in funnel. Filter paper is moistened. Suspension is poured into funnel using decantation method. |
| What is the set up necessary for crystallisation? | Solution is poured into evaporation basin until 1/4 full. Bunsen burner is set up with tripod and clay triangle. Bunsen burner is lighted and basin is heated.(Should not be heated until all liquid is evaporated because salt will spit). |
| What is the set up necessary for distillation? | An apparatus is set up with retort stands, clamps, a tripod, boiling chips, a test tube, a gauze mat, glass tubing, a conical flask, a one holed stopper to fit the flask and a bunsen burner. Bunsen burner is lighted and distilled liquid is collected. |
| What is the set up necessary for gravity separation? | An apparatus is set up using a retort stand, a clamp, a retort ring, a funnel, a separating funnel, a valve control and a beaker. Suspension is poured through funnel and valve is opened when two layers settle. Valve is closed as first layer stops. |
| What is the set up necessary for chromatography? | A line of ink is drawn on a strip of paper. The ethanol solution is poured in beaker (level has to be lower then line). Strip is attached to a peg and lowered into liquid. Strips are left for a set period of time. |
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