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ch 11 pharm anti anx
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ______is understanding and showing compassion for another’s feelings. | Empathy |
| what route of administration for anti anxieties is used infrequently? | Intravenous (IV) administration |
| _________drugs are the most common ROA for providing relaxation for an anxious patient in the dental office | Orally administered |
| Sedative-hypnotic agents can produce varying degrees of CNS depression, depending on ____________ | the dose administered |
| A small dose will produce mild CNS depression described as________ | sedation |
| sedation is? | reduction of activity and simple anxiety |
| small dose level has some ??? | anxiolytic effects |
| Inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, usually in your legs. | Thrombophlebitis is? |
| Antianxiety agents are most commonly orally administered because the effective dose of a particular antianxiety agent is very predictable. T or F | The first part of the statement is true, the second part is false. |
| Which of the following agents are the most commonly prescribed antianxiety drugs? | Benzodiazepines |
| Which benzodiazepine would be most suitable for intramuscular administration? | Midazolam |
| Once a benzodiazepine is absorbed, the rate at which it reaches its site of action is dependent on: | a. Lipid solubility b. Protein binding c. Ionization d. All of the above |
| Which benzodiazepine is preferred for use in elderly patients? | Lorazepam |
| Some benzodiazepines are transformed in the body to active metabolites. The active metabolites are formed by phase II drug metabolism. T or F | The first statement is true, the second statement is false. |
| Benzodiazepines enhance or facilitate the action of the neurotransmitter: | γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
| The clinical effects of benzodiazepines in humans are __________ at lower doses. | Anxiety reduction and panic reduction |
| Benzodiazepines are indicated for epilepsy because they: | Limit the spread of abnormal activity to other parts of the brain |
| When benzodiazepines are used in dentistry to produce conscious sedation, the appearance of __________ is used as an initial endpoint for the dose administered. | Ptosis |
| The appearance of _______ is used as an initial endpoint for the dose administered | ptosis |
| Which of the following parenteral benzodiazepines seems to have the greatest likelihood to produce amnesia? | Triazolam (Halcion) |
| Oral ______ seems to have a greater likelihood to produce amnesia than other oral benzodiazepines. | triazolam |
| Which of the following statements is true concerning administration of benzodiazepines and pregnancy? | b. Most of the benzodiazepines are classified as U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) category D drugs; triazolam and temazepam are in FDA category X. c. Near-term administration of benzodiazepines to the mother has resulted in floppy infant syndrome. |
| Most of the benzodiazepines are classified as FDA category D drugs; triazolam and temazepam are in FDA category ______ | X |
| Near-term administration of benzodiazepines to the mother has resulted in ??? | floppy infant syndrome. |
| The therapeutic index of benzodiazepines is __________ that of the barbiturates. | Wider than |
| The difference between the effective and toxic doses of the benzodiazepines is greater than that observed for??? | barbiturates. |
| __________ may be used to reverse some of the effects of a benzodiazepine. | Flumazenil (Romazicon) |
| what is the benzodiazepine antagonist available for IV administration, may be used to reverse some of the effects of a benzodiazepine | Flumazenil (Romazicon), |
| Which of the following agents may decrease the effectiveness of benzodiazepines? | Tobacco |
| Smoking tobacco reduces the effectiveness of the benzodiazepines by stimulating the ?? | hepatic microsomal enzymes in the liver |
| The benzodiazepines are preferable to the barbiturates as hypnotics because the risk of physical addiction or serious poisoning is much less. T or F | true |
| The efficacy of the benzodiazepines in the treatment of chronic insomnia has been demonstrated for longer than 2 years. T or F | false |
| The following habits should be followed to minimize insomnia except for one. Which one is the exception? | Exercise within 3 hours of bedtime |
| Which of the following benzodiazepines is the drug of choice for treatment of repetitive, intractable seizures that require IV therapy? | Diazepam (Valium) |
| Which of the following agents used for dental anxiety has a fast onset and short half-life? | Triazolam |
| __________has a fast onset and short half-life | Triazolam |
| _______________have immediate onset but relatively short half-lives. | Lorazepam and Alprazolam |
| Barbiturates act on nerves by enhancing the binding of which neurotransmitter to its receptor? | GABA |
| Although a lethal dose of barbiturates can only be approximated, severe poisoning will follow the ingestion of __________ times the hypnotic dose. | 10 |
| Chronic use of barbiturates can lead to: | Both physical and psychologic dependence |
| The use of barbiturates is absolutely contraindicated in patients with a positive family history of: | Porphyria |
| Barbiturates reduce the effects of the following drugs except for one. Which one is the exception? | Propoxyphene |
| Which of the following is the longest acting barbiturate? | Phenobarbital (Luminal) |
| Which of the following statements is true concerning the dental use of chloral hydrate? | b. Benzodiazepines are a safer choice for sedation of children. c. The child’s hypnotic dose of chloral hydrate, when used alone, is 50 mg/kg, up to a maximum of 4 g. |
| Which agent has selective anxiolytic action without hypnotic, anticonvulsant, or muscle-relaxant properties? | Buspirone |
| The pharmacologic effect of _______is called anxioselective because of its selective anxiolytic action without hypnotic, anticonvulsant, or muscle-relaxant properties. | buspirone |
| Which of the following agents has the shortest half-life? | Zaleplon |
| Which of the following agents is a melatonin receptor agonist? | Ramelton |
| Which of the following is considered to be the strongest centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant? | Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) |
| Which of the following muscle relaxants has peripheral rather than central action? | Dantrolene |
| Anxiety control is only necessary for the first third of a dental appointment. T or F | False |
| Use of antianxiety agents in the dentist’s office should be discouraged because it encourages addiction. T or F | False |
| Benzodiazepines are contraindicated in wide-angle glaucoma. T or F | False |
| Barbiturates have no significant analgesic effects. T or F | True |
| Barbiturates can cause fetal harm if administered to a pregnant woman. T or F | True |
| Chloral hydrate should be administered with food or milk. T or F | True |
| Sedatives potentiate analgesic agents. T or F | True |
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