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FK Easy Stuff
Foundational knowledge Easy STuff
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) | A Scientific Approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably influence socially significant behavior and for developing a technology of behavior change that is practical and applicable. ABA is an Evidence-Based Science |
| Science | A systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world. Science is based on DETERMINISM. |
| Purpose of Science | To achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomena under study. In ABA, the phenomena are SOCIALLY IMPORTANT BEHAVIORS. |
| 3 Levels of Scientific Understanding | Description, Prediction, Control |
| Description | Systematic observations can be quantified and classified (not casual explanations) EX: # of praise statements made by teachers in a classroom. |
| Prediction | (AKA: Correlation, Covariation) Two events may occur regularly at the same time. This does not necessarily mean one causes the other. EX: when the weather is hot, there are more drowning deaths but we can not assume that hot weather causes drowning deat |
| Control | (AKA: Causation) Functional Relation , THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING , Experimental demonstration that manipulating one event (IV) results in another event (DV) |
| 6 Attitudes of Science | Determination, Empiricism, Experimentation, Replication, Parsimony, Philosophical Doubt |
| Determinism | Cause and Effect, Lawfulness: If/Then Statements, The world is orderly and predictable |
| Empiricism | FACTS, Experimental, data based scientific approach, drawing upon observation and experience, Requires objective quantification and detailed description of events |
| Experimentation | (AKA: Experimental Analysis) Requires manipulating variables so as to see the effects on the DV. Requires all variables be controlled except the DV |
| Replication | Repeating experiments, the method scientists use to determine the RELIABILITY and usefulness of their findings. How scientists discover their mistakes |
| Parsimony | The simplest theory. All simple and logical explanations must be ruled out before considering more complex explanations |
| Philosophical Doubt | Having healthy skepticism and a critical eye about the results and studies and your work with clients |
| 7 Dimensions of ABA outlined in the FIRST edition of JABA in 1968 | BATCAGE: Behavioral, Applied, Technological, Conceptually Systematic, Analytical, Generality, Effective |
| Behavioral | Observable events, the behavior one chooses must be the behavior in need of improvement. Behavior must be measureable |
| Applied | ABA improves Socially Significant Behavior and improves everyday life of clients |
| Technological | Defines procedures clearly and in detail so they are replicable (like a recipe) |
| Conceptually Systematic | All procedures used should be tied to the basic principles of Behavioral Analysis from which they were derived |
| Analytical | (AKA: Functional Relation, Experimentation, Control, Causation) A functional relationship is demonstrated |
| Generality | (AKA: Generalization) extends behavior change across time, settings, or other behaviors. |
| Effective | Improves behavior in a practical manner, not simply making a change that is statistically significant |
| Mentalism Terminology | Hypothetical Construct, Explanatory Fiction, Circular Reasoning |
| Mentalism | An approach to explaining behavior that assumes an inner dimension exists and causes behavior. Traditional psychology has been and continues to be dominated by mentalism (Freud, talk therapy, etc.. (AKA: Spiritual, Psychic, Subjective, Feelings |
| Hypothetical Construct | (AKA: Imaginary Contructs) Presumed, but unobserved, entities. EX: Free will, readiness, unobservable storage and retrieval mechanisms for memory, information processing, etc. |
| Explanatory Fictions | Fictitious variables that are another name for observable behavior. They contribute nothing to an understanding of the variables responsible for maintaining behavior. Words associated with it include "knows", "wants", "figures out" |
| Circular Reasoning | The cause and effect are both inferred from the same information. EX: "He cried because he felt sad." The sad feeling and the crying are both inferred from the same depressive behaviors. |
| Behaviorism | The philosophy of the science of behavior. Emerged in the early 20th century as a reaction to "mentalistic" psychology, which often had difficulty making predictions that could be tested using experimental methods. Environmental explanation of Behavior |
| 4 Branches of Behavior Analysis | CASE: Conceptual Analysis of Behavior , ABA, Behavior Service Delivery, Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB) |
| Conceptual Analysis of Behavior | (AKA: Behaviorism) Examines philosophical, theoretical, historical, and methodological issues |
| ABA | refers to behavior analysts that asses, monitor, analyze, revise (if needed) and communicate the effects of their work. Create behavior-change tactics that can increase behavior and maintain behavior, generalize behavior, reduce problem behavior, etc.. |
| Behavior Service Delivery | refers to the many people in various fields of work implementing ABA within their professions such as education, sports, psychology, job safety, animal training, etc.. |
| Experimental Analysis of Behavior | AKA: EAB, research on basic processes and principles and conducted mainly in labs. |
| Pavlov | Classical Conditioning: Respondent conditioning with dogs. 1906 Pavlov published first stuy |
| Watson | Methadological Behaviorism: Stimulus-Response Behaviorism- 1913 first described behaviorism as a formal system. 1920- "Little Albert" experiment white rat and loud noise. |
| Methadological Behaviorism | Only looks at publicly observable events. We should study behavior by direct observation of the relationship between the environment (S) and the response (R) they bring about. |
| BF Skinner | Radical Behaviorism- states that private events are a part of the understanding of behavior. |
| 2 Primary types of behavior | Respondent and Operant |
| Respondent behavior | AKA: Reflex, Reflexive Relations, Unconditioned Stimulus-Unconditioned Response- (US-UR)involuntary and something someone does not need to learn |
| Elicited | "brought out" by stimuli that immediately precede them (i.e. antecedent stimuli) |
| Habituation | when the eliciting stimulus is presented repeatedly over a short time, the strength of the respondent behavior diminishes. (EX: A bright light shone in the eyes repeatedly makes a pupil contraction lessen) |
| Phylogenic/ Phylogeny | behavior that is inherited. RESPONDENT BEHAVIOR is due to PHYLOGENIC history |
| Respondent conditioning | AKA: Classical Conditioning: Ivan Pavlov and the salivating dog with the bell. This is when new stimuli acquire the ability to elicit respondents. |
| US | Unconditioned Stimulus |
| UR | Unconditioned Response |
| NS | Neutral Stimulus |
| CR | Conditioned Response |
| CS | Conditioned Stimulus |
| Operant Behavior | (AKA: S-R-S) EMIT/EVOKE- any behavior whose probability of occurrence is determined by it's history of consequences. not determined by topography but by function and includes both reinforcement and punishment. |
| Adaptation | Reductions in responding evoked by an antecedent stimulus over repeated or prolonged presentations |
| Ontogenic/Ontogeny | Learning that results from an organism's interaction with his/her environment. Operant behavior is due to Ontogenic behavior |
| Operant Contingency | (AKA: 3 term contingency, ABC) The occasion for a response (Sd) the response, and the outcome of the response, Antecedent, Behavior and Consequence |
| Contiguity | (AKA: Temporal Contiguity) When 2 stimuli occur close together in time, resulting in an association of those 2 stimuli. ex: Superstitious Behavior |
| Dead Man Test | if a dead man can do it, it's not behavior |
| 3 Principles of Behavior | Reinforcement, Punishment and Extinction |
Created by:
Mhenry3