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ccma
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is the 6 second rule calculated | # of R waves in 3 seconds multiplied by 10 |
| What is the 6 second rule | How to measure an irregular heart beat for BPM |
| How do you calculate a regular heart beat | count the number of small squares between two contiguous R-waves and divide that number into 1500 |
| What is telemetry | Monitoring an EKG from a distance |
| Why does a PT use a Holton monitor | Evaluate the heart over time, assess the effect of therapy |
| How long does a PT wear a Holton monitor | 24-72 hours |
| What is a segment | EKG line with no waves or electric current |
| What is an interval | Has at least 1 wave on an ekg |
| What are indications for a Holton monitor | Evaluate the heart over a period of time, assess the effects of therapy |
| What is the standard EKG paper speed | 25mm/sec |
| What is used to calculate an irregular HB | 6 second rule |
| What are contradictions for a Holton monitor? | Avoid water, high voltage and large magnets |
| What does atrial flutter have | Sawtooth pattern |
| What does atrial fibrillation have | No p wave wave |
| What is junctional rhythm | AV node is conducting electric instead of the SA node |
| What is the standard voltage for an EKG | 1 MV |
| Where is V1 located | 4th intercostal, right of sternum |
| Where is v2 located | 4th intercostal, left of sternum |
| Where is v3 located | 5th rib between v2 and v4 |
| Where is v5 located? | 5th intercostal, along anterior axillary |
| Where is v6 located | 5th intercostal, along mid axillary |
| SA | Sinoatrial Node |
| AV | atrioventricular node |
| p wave | sa node/atrial systol |
| q wave | depolarize septum/bundle of his |
| R wave | depolarize ventricles/fasicicle/purjunke fibers |
| S wave | depolarize ventricle/ventricle systole |
| T wave | Ventricle repolarization/ventricle diasystole |
| PQ wave | AV node |
| ST wave | Ventricle contraction |
| QT wave | depolarize and repolarize of ventricles |
| How is heart rate controlled | chemoreceptors & baroreceptors |
| How is the heart fed | coronary circulation branches in the epicardium and myocardium |
| How are murmurs caused | disease of valves or other structural abnormalities |
| What is the space beteeen the ribs | intercostal |
| Where is the conduction system in the heart | sub endocardium space |
| interventricular septum is depolarized only by the | left bundle branch |
| What are the 4 layers of the heart | Epicardium, myocardium, subendocadium, endocardium |
| Which are atrioventricular valves | tricuspid and miteral |
| What is mediastinum | Middle of the thorastic cavity |
| What are semilunar valves | pulmonary and aortic |
| What is a baroreceptor | stretch sensor |
| What is a chemoreceptor | oxygen sensor |
| what is stroke volume | amount of blood pushed in 1 beat |
| What is the widow maker | Left Anterior Descending Artery-LAD |
| What is chordoe tendineae | Muscle to stop valve from collapsing |
| What is stenosis | Narrowing |
| Where do pulmonary edema occur | Lungs |
| Where are peripheral edema located | limbs |
| Systol is | depolarization |
| diastolis is | repolarization |
| what in cells pass electrical current | gap junctions |
| how is MV found on an ekg | voltage X time |
| normal heart rate | 60 to 100 bpm |
| Where is a pulse measured on infants | chest at base of heart, 5th intercostal |
| Where can you measure a pulse on an adult | Radial artery on wrist, below ear, apical pulse |
| How do you find KG out of LBs | #lb / 2.2 =KG |
| Normal blood pressure for adults | 120/80 |
| normal pulse for children | normal pulse for children 60-130 |
| Normal pulse for infants | 60-140 |
| Using to short a BP cuff causes | false high |
| using a narrow BP cuff causes | a false high |
| BP with arm raised above the heart causes | lower reading |
| BP with arm below the heart causes | false high |
| Deflating bp cuff causes | under estimates systolic over diastolic |
| Hemodynamics | Properties of blood as it flows through the vascular system |
| Compressibility | ability of a substance to resist change in pressure the substance experiences externally |
| universal precautions | blood and body fluids are considered potentially infected with blood born pathogens |
| Standard precautions | All fluids are potentially infected and applies use of PPE |
| Expanding precautions | Isolation practices for patients |
| Body Substance Isolation | Assumes all body fluids are potentially infectious |
| Positive pressure | air is brought in room from the outside of the hospital |
| Negative pressure | air from the hospital is pulled into the room and out of the hospital |
| Clean room | positive pressure |
| dirty room | negative pressure |
| PTs requiring a positive room | cancer, aids, infant |
| PTs needing a negative room | TB |
| Airborne precaution | infection inhaled, use masks |
| droplet precautions | Coughed/sneezed fluids in the air, N95 mask for heath worker |
| Contact precautions | passed by touch, use gloves, shoe cover, gown, possible mask or goggles |
| OSHA | sets guidelines for the workplace |
| MSDS | Material safety data sheet |
| DOH | enforces/ regulates health care facilities |
| FDA | Oversees regulations of drugs |
| CDC | provides data to other agencies |
| When is PPE removed | in the patient's room |
| When is PPE put on | Before entering PT room |
| normal Blood pressure for children | varies by age and growth chart |
| What are anthropometric measurements | Height and weight |
| How is BMI found | Weight / Height |
| Who have chest measurements | Men |
| How many chest measurements are done | 2 inhales and exhale |
| Who have pelvis measured | Men and women |
| When performing an EKG on a PT laying on their side | Note it in the chart |
| 5 large boxes | 60 BPM |
| 4 Large boxes | 75 BPM |
| 3 large boxes | 100 bpm |
| 2 large boxes | 150 bpm |
| 1 large box | 300 bpm |
| Oral temp | Digital/disposable strip |
| aural | Tymphatic Thermometer |
| Temperal | temporal artery thermometer |
| rectal | mercury thermometer |
| axillary | mercury thermometer |
| Adult fevers are treated at | 102 degrees |
| children's fevers are treated at | 104 degrees |
| How to calculate Celsius to Fahrenheit | (c x9/5) + 32 = F |
| How to calculate Fahrenheit to Celsius | (f-32) x 5/9 = C |
| What disease requires and N95 mask? | TB |
| Normal pulse for adults | 60-100 |
| normal pulse for children | 60-130 |
| normal pulse for infants | 60-140 |
| Where is pulse taken | Radial Artery |
| Calculation exchange for LBS to KG | LB/2.2=kg |
| Normal BP range for adults | 120/80 |
| Normal BP range for children | Depends on growth chart and age |
| Short cuff | false high |
| Narrow cuff | false high |
| Arm above heart for BP | false low |
| Arm below heart for BP | false high |
| deflating to quickly | under estimate of systolic over diastolic |
| Hemodynamics | Properties of blood as it flows through the vascular system |
| Compressibility | ability of a substance to resist change in pressure the substance experiences externally |
| universal precautions | blood and some fluids may contain pathogens |
| standard precautions | All blood and fluids may contain pathogens, wear PPE |
| Body fluid isolation | all moist body substances are potentially infectious |
| Contact precaution | transmitted by touch-wear PPE, wash hands |
| droplet precaution | transmitted by coughed or sneezes fluids-wear masks |
| Airborne Precaution | transmitted by inhalation of microorganisms |
| Positive pressure | filtered air is brought into the room from outside of the hospital and passed into into the hospital |
| Negative pressure | air is brought into the room from the hospital and passed outside of the hospital. |
| PT requiring a negative room | TB |
| PT requiring a positive room | Cancer, AIDS, Infant |
| OSHA | Over sees the employees |
| MSDS | Material Safety Data Sheet |
| DOH | Over sees PT care |
| FDA | over sees drug regulation |
| CDC | provides data to other agencies |
| When is PPE removed | before leaving the room |
| when is PPE put on | before entering a room |
| Normal temperature in Celsius | 37 degrees |
| Normal temperature in Fahrenheit | 98.6 degrees |
| Who has the least enforcement | CDC advise and collect data |
| When is an N95 mask worn | TB patients |
| CCMA performs a spirometer test on a copd patient, what is the test measuring | Amount of air leaving the lungs and the rate it is exhaled |
| What is the first task when a PT enters a room | Ask pt to identify self |
| G | gram |
| DL | liquid |
| you draw 800 ML of a liquid. How much is the amount | less than 1 liter |
| BMI | height / weight |
| the difference between systolic and diasystolic pressure is called | pulse pressure |
| blood gas or ph levels blood test should be taken from | arteries |
| 1/10 of a liter is | deciliter |
| quantity g/dl is | concentration |
| Blood pressure 120/80 | normal |
| Blood pressure up to 139/89 | prehypertension |
| blood pressure 140-159/90-99 | hypertension stage 1 |
| Blood pressure over 160/over 100 | stage 2 |
| Normal oral temp | 98.6 F |
| Normal aural temp | 98.6f |
| Normal temporal temp | 99.4F |
| Normal rectal temp | 99.6F |
| Normal axillary temp | 97.6 |
| under weight bmi | less than 18.5 |
| normal BMI | 18.5-24.9 |
| Over weight BMI | 25-29.9 |
| obese BMI | 30 or more |
| morbidly obese BMI | 35 or more |
| ventricular fibrilation | no coordinated atrial or ventricle contraction |
| torsades de points | prolonged QT interval, hallmark is upward and downward deflection of QRS-means twisting the points |
| asystole | no electrical current |
| pulseless electrical activity | electric is working but the plumbing isn't, clinically dead |
| ventricular tachycardia | |
| idioventricular rhythm | last ditch effort of the ventricles to prevent cardiac arrest |
| premature ventricle contractions | many patterns and shapes compared to normal beat |
| atrial flutter | rate varies in atria, saw tooth |
| atrial fibrillation | no P wave- irregular beat and irregular pattern |
| premature atrial complex | normal beat in atria without a delay in the T between P waves |
| systolic pressure | contraction |
| diastolic | relaxation |
| hypotension | High blood pressure |
| hypertension | low blood pressure |
| 1st degree heart block | prolonged PR interval |
| moritz 1 | lengthening of PR interval until QRS are not produced |
| Moritz 2 | Normal EKG until QRS are missed |
| supraventricular tachycardia | SA node isn't working, AV node takes over, atrium receives a backward current |
| lead 1,2,3 | bipolar, read impulses between arm and legs |
| lead avl, avr and avf | unipolar, must be augmented |
| base | top of heart |
| apex | bottom of heart |
| thrombosis | clotting in blood vessel |
| atheroma | fatty clot in the intima of artery |
| aneurysm | dilation and rupture of artery |
Created by:
luckymomto4