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Female Reproductive
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary organs | Gonads, Gametes |
| Gonads | are sex organs: testes (M), ovaries (F) |
| Gametes | produce and house: sperm (M), ova (F) |
| Male Secondary organs | ducts, glands, and the penis, all for storing and transporting sperm |
| Female Secondary organs | location for fusion of egg and sperm, environment for nourishing a fertilized egg, completion of cycle at birth of infant |
| Mons pubis | Mound of hair-covered adipose tissue |
| Mons pubis overlies | the pubic symphysis |
| Mons pubis forms | anterior/superior portion of vulva |
| Mons pubis divides | into a furrow at the base to become the pudendal cleft and labia majora |
| Mons pubis sensitive to | estrogen Larger in women of child-bearing years Shrinks with estrogen reduction |
| Labia majora | Thick, external fold of skin (fibrous + adipose tissue) to either side of vestibule |
| Labia majora covered by | pubic hair in mature female |
| Labia majora large number of | sebaceous and sweat glands |
| Labia majora normally | contact each other and close off vulva as the pudendal cleft |
| The labioscrotal swelling evolves | into the scrotum in males, and into the Labia majora in females |
| Labia minora | Smaller fold of skin lying within the labia majora, one to either side of vestibule |
| Labia minora do not | have pubic hair or contain fat |
| Labia minora do have | sebaceous glands to help lubricate and create a barrier against infection |
| The urogenital fold evolves into | the shaft of the penis in males and the Labia minora in females |
| Vestibule | Longitudinal cleft between labia minora |
| Vestibule contains | urethral and vaginal openings |
| Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s glands) | Located to either side of vaginal opening Secrete mucus through tiny ducts Keeps vulva moist |
| Lesser vestibular glands (Skene’s glands) | Open near urinary opening Keep vulva moist |
| Impacted Greater Vestibular Gland (Bartholin’s Gland) must be | surgically corrected |
| Clitoris | Mass of erectile tissue, Glans clitoris, Prepuce |
| Mass of erectile tissue | One source of sexual stimulation Over 8,000 nerve endings |
| Glans clitoris | Exposed part, analogous to male penis |
| Prepuce | Cover over clitoris formed by labia minora |
| Further protrusion of the genital tubercle in the male to form the __________and in the female, __________ | glans of the penis, clitoral glans |
| Hymen | Thin layer of mucus membrane occluding (blocking) vaginal opening in young girls |
| Hymen must be | incomplete/broken to allow menstrual flow |
| Hymen may be | fully disrupted/torn by intercourse, masturbation, tampons, exercise, bicycling, gymnastics, etc. |
| Hymen is not | ‘proof of virginity’ - can be broken/torn due to asexual activity |
| Perineum | Area of skin between the vaginal opening and anus in females; between the scrotum and anus in males |
| Perineum Urogenital triangle | Anterior portion in both men and women |
| Urogenital triangle | Contains the roots of the external genitalia in men and the openings of the urethra and vagina in women |
| Anal triangle | Contains the anus in both men and women |
| Vagina | Connection between vaginal orifice (opening) and uterine os (opening) |
| Fibromuscular, elastic tube | Extends from vestibule through the pelvic floor muscles into the true pelvis |
| What is the benefit of increased vestibular gland secretion in the female? | Insertion of the penis into the vagina during intercourse |
| Engorgement of the erectile tissues of the clitoris and increased secretion of the greater vestibular glands involve neural activity that includes what? | Parasympathetic activation |
| What division of the nervous system participates in the sexual arousal of both males and females? | Parasympathetic nervous system |
| Decline of the testosterone levels in men between the ages of 50 and 60 results in __________. | andropause |
| What is the role of the endocrine system in reproduction? | Coordinating reproductive events |
| In females between the ages of 45 and 55, ovulation and menstruation cease in a phase of life called __________. | menopause |
| What is a possible problem in the female body as a result of menopause? | Osteoporosis |
| The reproductive structures in the perineal region are called __________. | external genitalia |
| What happens in the female reproductive system as a result of parasympathetic stimulation? | Orgasm, increased sensitivity of the nipples, citoral erection |
| What is the term for the human male gamete? | Spermatozoon |
| The process of erection involves complex neural procedures that include __________. | increased parasympathetic outflow over the pelvic nerves |
| The movement of blood out of the erectile tissue is called __________. | detumescence |
| What is the function of the ducts of the reproductive systems? | Receiving and transporting gametes |
| What does it take for an ovulated oocyte to become a mature ovum? | Penetration by a sperm |
| What would happen if a male were unable to contract the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles? | No ejaculation |
| For normal human reproduction to occur, which of the following organ systems need(s) to be functioning normally? | Cardiovascular, Reproductive, Nervous |
| What event during sexual intercourse happens in the male but does not happen in the female? | Emission and ejaculation |
| Powerful, rhythmic contractions in the ischiocavernosus and bulbocavernosus muscles of the pelvic floor produce what result? | Ejaculation |
| Engorgement of the erectile tissues of the clitoris and increased secretion of the greater vestibular glands involve neural activity that includes what? | Parasympathetic activation |
| The dropping levels of estrogen and progesterone seem to be the cause of the onset of menopause and its symptoms. What is the approximate number of primordial follicles in the ovary of a woman of age 50? | Few to no primordial follicles |
| Peristaltic contractions of the ampulla, which push fluid and spermatozoa into the prostatic urethra, are called __________. | emission |
| Which cells in the testes are responsible for producing testosterone and other androgens? | Interstitial cells |
| Which hormone acts to reduce the rate at which the anterior pituitary produces FSH? | Inhibin |
| The external genitalia of the male include the __________. | scrotum and the penis |
| What happens to the chromosome number as a result of meiosis? | It is reduced by half. |
| The functions of the sustentacular cells (nurse cells) in the male include which of the following? | Maintenance of the blood–testis barrier, Support of spermiogenesis, Secretion of inhibin and androgen-binding protein |
| The accessory organs in the male that secrete into the ejaculatory ducts and the urethra are the __________. | seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbo-urethral glands |
| What is produced by spermiogenesis? | Spermatozoa |
| Which cells in the testes are responsible for producing testosterone and other androgens? | Interstitial cells |
| Which reproductive gland encircles the urethra as it leaves the bladder and produces an acidic fluid that contributes to semen? | |
| The prostate, seminal vesicle, and bulbourethral glands do NOT __________ | |
| Enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the ovum, or egg, are in the ________ of the sperm cell. | acrosomal cap |
Created by:
Charon514