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Final Exam 8-16-17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A social contract can be defined as an agreement between people and their leaders in which | the people agree to give up some liberties in exchange for the protection of their other liberties |
| Conservatism advocates which of the following principles? | recognition and protection of states' rights |
| In 2010, the population of the united states was | 307 million |
| In a democracy, the idea of the consent of the governed argues that government power | derives from the people's consent |
| Modern liberalism advocates which of the following principles? | separation of church and state |
| Political culture can be defined as the | people's collective beliefs and attitudes about political and government processes |
| Political ideology provides a framework for which of the following? | thinking about politics, thinking about policy issues, and considering the role of government in everyone's lives. |
| The key difference between modern liberals, conservatives, and libertarians is their view of | the role of government |
| What is another name for indirect democracy, where citizens elect representatives who decide policies on their behalf? | representative democracy |
| Which of the following phrases best describes the form of government of the United States? | constitutional democracy |
| Who of the following constructed the concept of natural law, which asserts that standards that govern human behavior are derived from human nature and can be universally applied? | sir Isaac newton |
| According to article II of the Constitution, which body of government checks the legislative authority of congress? | the executive |
| Bicameral legislatures contain two separate parts, known as | Chambers |
| how many foundational government bodies are described by the U.S. Constitution? | Three |
| Marbury v. Madison is a landmark Supreme court decision because it | set the precedent for judicial review |
| Shays's Rebellion | convinced many political leaders that the national government was not powerful enough |
| The Connecticut Compromise (or Great Compromise) produced | A bicameral Congress |
| The Federalist Papers were written by | Madison, Hamilton, and Jay |
| Which issue led to the Three-Fifths Compromise? | Slavery |
| Which of the following is a central principle of the Declaration of Independence? | all men are equal |
| American colonists experienced three different types of government in which of these sequences? | unitary system, confederal system, federal system |
| How many local governments are there in the United States? | More than 89.000 |
| McCulloch v. Maryland was decisive because it | Affirmed that national law is supreme to conflicting state law |
| The elastic clause is related to which of the following concepts? | Implied powers |
| The full faith and credit clause, which asserts states must recognize each other's public acts, records, and judicial proceedings, is located in which article of the Constitution/ | Article IV |
| The powers accorded to the state in the Tenth Amendment are known as _____ powers. | Reserved |
| The supremacy clause, which establishes the supreme law of the land, is mentioned in which article of the Constitution? | Article VI |
| Today, the majority of the world's governments have which system of government? | Unitary System |
| Which of the following is most closely related to the concept of implied powers? | Necessary and Proper Clause |
| Which of these eras saw the appearance of cooperative federalism? | 1932-1963 |
| Which type of power relationship prevailed between the national government and the states between 1789-1932? | Dual Federalism |
| False written statements that harm the reputation of another person are known as | libel |
| In 1873 the Supreme Court developed a test by which a book, film, or other form of expression would be considered legally obscene. Which of the following was among the measures of that test? | The work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, a form of sexual conduct specifically prohibited by an anti-obscenity law. |
| Miranda v. Arizona legally established which of the following personal liberties? | the right to counsel and information on charges against oneself |
| Most Americans believe in ____ between religious organizations and the government. | some degree of separation |
| Picketing, flag burning, or wearing an armband are all examples of | symbolic speech |
| Spoken words that are known to be false and harmful to a person's reputation are an example of | slander |
| The Fifth Amendment establishes | protection against compelled self-incrimination |
| The first ____ amendments to the Constitution explicitly limited the power of legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the national government. | Ten |
| The freedoms contained in the Bill of Rights are | broad principles |
| The supreme Court has selectively incorporated some of the Bill of Rights and applied them to state action through the | Fourteenth Amendment |
| What do the religion clauses of the First Amendment achieve? | bar the government from establishing national religion, from favoring one group over another, and from interfering with individual religious practices. |
| What year saw the passage of Roe v. Wade, which first established abortion rights in the United States? | 1973 |
| Which 1961 decision extended exclusionary rules of search and seizure to state court proceedings? | Mapp v. Ohio |
| Which 1972 legal case saw the Supreme Court suspend the use of the death penalty? | Furman v. Georgia |
| Which case saw the Supreme court develop a three-part test to legally define obscenity, or indecent or offensive speech? | Miller v. California |
| Which case saw the Supreme court rule against formalized prayer in schools? | Engel v. Vitale |
| Which case saw the Supreme court rule against the subsidization of parochial schools through cigarette taxes? | Lemon v. Kurtzman |
| Which case, decided in 1965, first firmly established the right to privacy? | Griswold v. Connecticut |
| Which four amendments are known together as criminal due process rights? | Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth |
| Which legal case established the clear and present danger test in relation to free speech? | Schenck v. United States |
| Which means of political expression is guaranteed under the Constitution? | All of the answers are correct |
| Colleges and universities use affirmative action policies to ensure a student body that is diverse in | race, color economic status, and place of origin |
| Critics of affirmative action argue that it | discriminates against Caucasian Americans |
| in 1848, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the first meeting of the U.S. women's rights movement at | Seneca Falls, New York |
| In what year were women granted the right to vote in the United States? | 1920 |
| Laws passed immediately after the Civil War by southern states that limited the rights of "freemen", or former slaves, were known as | Black Codes |
| Segregation that happens because of the tendency of people to live in neighborhoods with others of their own race, religion, or ethnic group is known as | De facto segregation |
| The active yet nonviolent refusal to comply with morally-objectionable laws, used by abolitionist organizations like the American Anti-Slavery and civil rights activists like Martin Luther King, Jr., is known as what? | Civil disobedience |
| The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits businesses from making discriminatory hiring decisions based on which inherent characteristics? | race, color, sex, religion, and national origin |
| The Constitution imposes responsibilities, or civil rights, on which of the following groups? | government officials and government employees |
| Which 1857 Supreme Court decision set the stage for the Civil War by mobilizing the abolitionist movement? | Dred Scott v. Sanford |
| Which amendment to the Constitution prohibits the federal government from abridging or denying citizens the right to vote on account of sex? | Nineteenth |
| Which constitutional amendments were passed in the aftermath of the Civil War, and codified the victory of the North? | Thirteenth, fourteenth, and Fifteenth |
| Which Court ruling created the separate but equal doctrine, which upheld state laws that mandated racial separation in schools and public accommodations? | Plessy v. Ferguson |
| Which is the largest minority group in the United States? | Latinos |
| Which of the following were used in southern states during the Jim crow era to deny African Americans their voting rights? | All of these answers are correct |
| Which Supreme Court decision ended the federal government's support for separate but equal practices in the southern state/ | Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka |
| Which U.S president was the first to define and use the term affirmative action? | John F. Kennedy |
| Who was the first African American to sit on the U.S. Supreme Court? | Thurgood Marshall |
| Women were provided equal protection under the law by | Title VII, Title IX, and the Equal Pay Act |
| All of the following are tools that congress uses to "check" the executive branch EXCEPT | legislative veto |
| Because of the elastic clause, Congress exercises a ____ scope of authority | broad |
| Committees that include members of both chambers of Congress are known as | Joint committees |
| How often does reapportionment and redistricting of seats occur in the House of Representatives? | Every 10 years |
| In what position in the line of presidential succession is the Speaker of the House? | second |
| permanent committees with a defined legislative jurisdiction are known as | Standing committees |
| The practice of redrawing electoral boundaries for political advantages is known as | Gerrymandering |
| Which constitutional amendment shifted the power to elect senators from state legislators to popular elections? | Seventeenth |
| Which of the following leaders is responsible fro developing party strategy, working with minority party leadership, and encouraging unity among majority party legislators? | house majority leaders |
| Which of the following wields the most influence in congressional decision making? | Constituency |
| Who is the constitutional president of the Senate? | Vice President |
| Executive impeachment, which federal body conducts the trial of the president? | Senate |
| Executive agreements are considered to be in force for how long? | for the term of the administration that negotiates them |
| if both the president and vice president die or are unable to govern, which of the following accurately describes the line of succession? | Speaker of the House; senate president pro tem; secretary of state; secretary of the treasury |
| Most would-be presidents choose their vice presidential running mate based on their desire for a "_____" approach that provides diversity and maximizes electoral appeal. | Balanced Ticket |
| President Bush's high approval ratings after his response to the September 11 attacks are an example of the _____ effect. | Rally 'Round the flag |
| The national Security Council (NSC) is a group of top foreign policy advisors and relevant cabinet officials that advise the president on foreign policy and national security issues. Who is the official chair of the NSC? | President |
| What majority is needed for Congress to check presidential power by overriding a presidential veto? | two-thirds |
| Which clause has been cited by presidents as the basis for the assertion of inherent powers? | the take care clause |
| Which is the most recently created cabinet department? | Homeland security |
| Which of the following is NOT a power vested in the president by the Constitution? | the power to declare a war |
| Which of the following is NOT an example of the legislative powers of the president? | creating laws relating to the federal budget |
| who was the first black secretary of state? | Colin Powell |
| For the Supreme Court to hear a case, how many of the nine justices must want to heart it? | Four |
| Senatorial courtesy gives senators of the same political party as the president the right to veto judicial appointments to which of the following courts? | federal district courts |
| The authority of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of governmental action is known as | judicial review |
| The leading justice on the Supreme Court, who provides both organizational and intellectual leadership, is known as the | Chief Justice |
| The principle of stare decisis, a Latin phrase that means "let the decision stand", is the basis of the modern legal concept of | precedent |
| to date, how many women have served on the bench of the supreme court? | four |
| Which early landmark case granted the supreme court is most significant power? | Marbury v. Madison |
| Which of the following best describes the ideological distribution of the supreme court today? | slightly conservative |
| Which of the following conducts impeachment trials for federal judges? | the senate |
| Which of the following share power in the selection of federal court judges? | the Senate and the president |
| Which of the following Supreme Court appointees were nominated by president Obama? | Elena Kagan and Sonia Sotomayor |
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