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Chapter 4
Bontrager'sUpper Extremities
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many bones are in the phalanges? | 14 |
| How many bones are in the metacarpals? | 5 |
| How many bones are in the carpals (wrist)? | 8 |
| What are the two portions of the thumb? | proximal phalanx & distal phalanx |
| What are the three portions of each finger? | proximal phalanx, middle phalanx and distal phalanx |
| What are the three parts of each phalanx, starting distally? | head, body and base |
| List the three parts of each metacarpal, starting proximally? | base, body and head |
| What is the name of the joint between the proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit? | interphalangeal joint |
| What are the joints between metacarpals and phalanges? | metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) |
| What is the largest of the carpal bones? | capitate |
| What is the name of the hook like process extending anteriorly from the hamate? | Hamulus |
| Which is the most commonly fractured carpal bone? | scaphoid |
| In the anatomic position, which of the bones of the forearm is located on lateral thumb side? | radius |
| In the anatomic position, which of the bones of the forearm is located on medial thumb side? | ulna |
| Which joint permits the forearm to rotate during pronation? | proximal radioulnar joint |
| The articular portion of the medial aspect of the distal humerus is called? | trochlea |
| The similar structure found on the lateral aspect of the distal humerus is called? | capitulum |
| The deep depression located on the posterior aspect of the distal humerus is the? | olecranon fossa |
| The first and smallest of the arcs is the? | trochlear sulcus |
| What are ellipsoidal joints that are classified as freely moveable in four directions? | diarthrodial |
| Which ligament of the wrist extend from the styloid process of the radius to the lateral aspect of the scaphoid and trapezium bones? | radial collateral ligament |
| What is the name of the 2 special turning or bending positions of the hand & wrist to demonstrate medial & lateral aspects of carpal region? | Ulnar deviation & radial deviation |
| Which special turning/bending position of hand & wrist is most commonly used to detect fracture of the scaphoid bone? | Ulnar deviation |
| How does the forearm appear radiographically if pronated for a PA projection? | proximal radius across ulna |
| The two important fat stripes or bands around the wrist are the? | scaphoid & pronator fat stripe |
| (True/ False ) Excessive KV (analog imaging) may obscure the visibility of a fat pad. | True |
| (True/False) Trauma or infection makes the anterior fat pad more difficult to see on a lateral elbow radiograph. | false |
| Which routine projections best demonstrate the scaphoid fat pad? | PA and oblique of the wrist |
| Which routine projection best demonstrate the pronator fat stripe? | Lateral Wrist |
| What is the radiographic procedure that uses contrast media injected into the joint capsule to visualize soft tissue pathology of the wrist, elbow & shoulder? | Arthrography |
| Where is the central ray centered for a PA oblique projection of the second digit? | PIP |
| Which IR size should be used for thumb projection? | 18cmx24cm(8inx10in) |
| A bennett's fracture involves the base of the first metacarpal? (TRUE/FALSE) | true |
| Which special positioning method can be performed to demonstrate a bennett's fracture? | Modified Robert Method |
| What degree of central ray angulation is required for the "Modified Robert Method" projection? | 15 degrees |
| Where is the central ray centered for a PA projection of the hand? | Third MCP joint |
| A minimum of 1 inches (2.5cm) of the forearm should be included radiographically for a PA projection of the hand. (TRUE/FALSE) | true |
| What is the proper name for the position referred to as the "ball-catcher's position? | Norgaard Method |
| The ball catchers position is commonly used to evaluation early signs of what diagnosis? | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| How much rotation is required for an oblique projection of the wrist? | 45 degrees |
| How much are the hand & wrist elevated from the IR for the modified Stecher method? | 20 degrees |
| Where should the central ray be angled for the PA axial scaphoid projections with ulnar flexion? | 10-15 degrees, proximally |
| How much central ray angulation to the long axis of the hand is required for the carpal tunnel projection? | 25-30 degrees |
| Which special projection of the wrist helps rule out abnormal calcifications in the carpal sulcus? | tangential infer superior |
| How much central ray angulation from the long axis of the forearm is required for the carpal bride projection? | 45 degrees |
| If patient cannot fully extend the elbow for AP projections, what alternative projections should be performed? | Two AP projections |
| What is the amount of elbow flexion required for the trauma lateral projection (Coyle method) to demonstrate the coronoid process? | 80 degrees of flexion |
| What is the only difference among the four radial head lateral projections of the elbow? | The rotational position of hand and wrist |
| The best position to evaluate the posterior fat pads of the elbow joint is lateral, 90 degrees flexed. (TRUE/FALSE) | true |
| Which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the coronoid process in profile? | AP Oblique, 45 degrees |
| Which carpal contains a "hook like" process? | Hamate |
| Which bone of the upper limb contains the coronoid process? | ulna |
| Which two bony landmarks are palpated to assist with positioning of the upper limb? | lateral and medial epicondyles |
| Where is the coronoid tubercle located? | medical aspect of coronoid process |
| What is the total number of bones that make up the hand and wrist? | 27 |
| In what position should the hand be for an AP elbow projection? | supinated |
| In what position should the hand be for an AP medical rotation oblique elbow position? | pronated |
| The long axis of the anatomic part being imaged should be placed | parallel to the long axis of the IR |
| What condition causes accumulating fluid within the joint cavity? | joint effusion |
| What condition causes reduction in the quality of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue? | osteoporosis |
| What condition is a local or generalized infection of the bone or bone marrow? | osteomyelitis |
| Which clinical indication requires a decrease in manual exposure factors? | advanced osteoporosis |
| What is the major disadvantage of performing a PA projection of the thumb rather then a AP? | Increased OID |
Created by:
calliecrouse