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What is the joint reaction force?
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What are "degrees of freedom?"
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Biomechanics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the joint reaction force? | force the joint exerts back against forces from muscles, passive tissues, and gravity |
| What are "degrees of freedom?" | # of independent movements allowed at a joint *Joints can have up to 3, one in each plane |
| What is a loose-packed position? | least stable joint; more available accessory motion (slides & spins) |
| What is a closed pack position? | maximum joint stability; least amount of accessory motion (slides & spins) |
| What is the law of parsimony? | nervous system tends to activate the fewest muscles or muscle fibers possible for the control of a joint action |
| Valgus | distal segment angles away from midline |
| Shoulder ABD/scaption is coupled with _______. | ER |
| What does asymmetry in the trochlea cause? | ulna to deviate laterally |
| What is the most unstable carpal? | lunate |
| What is the most commonly torn rotator cuff muscle? | supraspinatus |
| What fills the ulnocarpal space? | TFCC |
| What joint attaches the shoulder complex to the body? | sternoclavicular |
| What is the "ACL" of the shoulder? | long head of the biceps; restricts anterior translation |
| What is the functional ROM of the elbow? | 30-130 degrees |
| What is normal femoral anteversion? | 15 degrees > 15: excessive anteversion < 15: retroversion |
| What compensation might you see in someone with excessive anteversion? | In-toeing |
| What type of bone withstands large forces? | compact |
| What type of bone absorbs forces and concentrates along lines of stress? | cancellous |
| How much of the femoral head is covered with articular cartilage? Where is it thickest? | the entire surface; thickest in a broad region above and slightly anterior to the fovea |
| Where does the femur get its main blood supply? | Medial and lateral circumflex arteries |
| What digits/carpals form the central pillar? | 2nd & 3rd digits, capitate and trapezoid |
| What "middle-man" joint connects the scapula and clavicle? | AC joint |
| What restrains the lunate against volar dislocation? | dorsal radiocarpal ligament |
| What is the primary stabilizer of the DRUJ? | TFCC |
| Varus | Distal segment angles towards midline |
| What fills the acetabular notch as a continuation of the labrum? | transverse acetabular ligament |
| What can excessive acetabular anteversion do? | expose the joint anteriorly and put it at risk of dislocation (esp. at extreme ER) |
| What is the femoral angle of inclination? | 125 degrees |
| What can cause scapular tipping? | short pecs or weak lats, lower trap, and serratus anterior |
| What is coxa vara? | femoral angle of inclination <125 degrees |
| What is coxa valga? | femoral angle of inclination >125 degrees |
| What are the suspensory muscles of the scapula? | Rhomboids Levator scap Upper trap |
| What is the GHJ open-packed position? | 40-55 degrees of scaption (40-55 ABD + 30 horz. ADD) |
Created by:
ereul1