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BJU Chemistry Ch 7
Bob Jones Chemistry - Chapter 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bent | A structural arrangement in which two bonding pairs of electrons and two unshared electron pairs surround a central atom to form a bent shape. |
| dipole moment | The vector sum of the magnitude and direction of the charges in a molecule; a measure of all bond polarities that exist within a molecule. |
| hybridization | The process of forming new kinds of orbitals with equal energies from a combination of orbitals of different energies. |
| linear | A molecular structure in which two areas of electron density surround a central atom to form a straight line. |
| molecular orbital theory | A bonding theory that suggests that atomic orbitals are replaced by totally new orbitals when the atoms bond to form a molecule. Both bonding and antibonding orbitals are linear combinations of the atomic orbitals. |
| pi ( π) bond | A hybrid bond in which atomic orbitals overlap side by side. |
| polar covalent bond | A covalent bond between atoms with different electronegativities, resulting in a molecule that has a partially positive pole and a partially negative pole. |
| pyramidal | A molecular structure in which three bonding pairs of electrons and an unshared electron pair surround a central particle to form a three-sided pyramid. |
| resonance | A molecular property in which some bonds take on an intermediate character rather than oscillate between two different bond regions, such as in benzene. |
| sigma bond | A hybrid bond in which atomic orbitals overlap end to end. |
| tetrahedral | A molecular structure in which four areas of electron density surround a central atom to form a tetrahedron. |
| trigonal planar | A molecular structure in which three areas of electron density surround a central atom to form a Y shape. |
| valence bond theory | The concept that covalent bonds are formed when orbitals of different atoms overlap; also called the localized electron theory. |
| valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory | The theory that electron orbitals in molecules are arranged so that they are as far apart as possible around the central atom because of electron-electron repulsion. |
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