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BJU Chemistry Ch 5
Bob Jones Chemistry - Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| actinide series | The inner transition metals in the periodic table that follow actinium, from thorium to lawrencium. |
| alkali metal | A Group 1 (1A) metal. It has one valence electron. |
| alkaline-earth metal | A Group 2 (2A) metal. It has two valence electrons. |
| atomic radius | The distance from the center of an atom's nucleus to its outermost energy level. It is measured using x-ray diffraction. |
| descriptive chemistry | The study of elements and the compounds they form that stresses identification of properties rather than theoretical calculations. |
| electron affinity | The amount of energy required or released when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form a negative ion. |
| electronegativity (EN) | A measure of the tendency of bonded atoms to attract electrons. It is designated by a number with a maximum value of 4.0. |
| family | A vertical column of elements in the periodic table with similar physical and chemical properties. |
| first ionization energy | The minimum amount of energy required to remove the first electron from the outermost shell of a single neutral atom in its gaseous state. |
| halogen | A Group 17 (7A) element. It has seven valence electrons, making it chemically reactive. |
| hydrocarbon | An organic, nonpolar compound containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms. |
| inner transition metal | A member of the lanthanide or actinide series. |
| International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) | The body responsible for the standardization of chemical nomenclature and usage. |
| lanthanide series | The inner transition metals in the periodic table that follow lanthanum, from cerium to lutetium. |
| metal | An element left of the heavy stair-step line in the periodic table. It is an element that is typically solid, malleable, ductile, and lustrous; conducts electricity and heat well; and that forms positive ions when it gives away its few valence electrons. |
| metalloid | An element whose properties lie between those of metals and nonmetals; an element found touching the heavy stair-step line in the periodic table. |
| noble gas | A Group 18 (8A) element. It has a full outer energy level, making it very stable and essentially inert. |
| nonmetal | An element right of, but not touching, the heavy stair-step line in the periodic table. It is generally a gas or a soft, crumbly solid that is nonductile, nonmalleable, and an insulator. |
| North American convention | A combination of arabic numerals and letters placed above each column to indicate the valence electron structure of the elements in each column. |
| oxide | A binary compound in which the oxidation number of oxygen is -2. |
| period | A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table; also called a series. |
| periodic law | The law stating that the properties of elements vary with their atomic numbers in a periodic way. |
| periodic table | A table of the chemical elements arranged to display their periodic properties in relation to their atomic numbers. |
| post-transition metal | A metal found in Groups 13-16 in the periodic table. |
| representative group | Elements in the s and p blocks of the periodic table. These groups are designated with an A after the group number in the North American convention. |
| series | A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table; also called a series. |
| sulfide | A binary compound in which the oxidation number of sulfur is -2. |
| transition metal | An element in the d block groups (3-12) of the periodic table. |
| transuranium element | An element with an atomic number higher than 92. |
Created by:
marchscience
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