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Ch 28
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The visceral pericardium is found: | adhering to the surface of the heart |
| The correct layers of the heart, from superficial to deep, are: | epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
| The atrioventricular valves are also called: | cuspid valves |
| Respectively, the right and left atrioventricular valves are also referred to as: | mitral, tricuspid |
| Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the: | ventricle |
| The most abundant blood supply goes to the: | left ventricle |
| Branching of an artery as it progresses from proximal to distal is called: | anastomosis |
| The cavity of the heart that normally has the thickest wall is the: | left ventricle |
| Which of the following is a semilunar valve? | aortic and pulmonary |
| The pacemaker of the heart is/are the: | SA node. |
| A tiny bump at the end of a T wave is usually: | a U wave |
| The normal pattern of impulse conduction through the heart is: | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers. |
| An ECG P wave represents: | depolarization of the atria |
| Repolarization of the atria is: | masked by the massive ventricular depolarization. |
| Contraction of the ventricles produces | the first heart sound (lub). |
| The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is referred to as systole. T or F? | True |
| Vagus fibers to the heart serve as accelerator nerves. T or F? | False. inhibitory or depressor nerves |
| The QRS complex represents repolarization of the ventricles. T or F? | False. The QRS complex represents depolarization of the ventricles. |
| Rapid ejection is characterized by a marked increase in ventricular and aortic pressure and in aortic blood flow. T or F? | True |
| Isovolumetric ventricular contraction occurs between the start of ventricular systole and the opening of the semilunar valves. T or F? | True |
| _________________ _____________ are also known as Purkinje fibers. | Subendocardial branches |
| Pacemakers other than the SA node are abnormal and are usually _________ _________. | ectopic pacemakers |
| A complete heartbeat is referred to as a ______________ _____________. | cardiac cycle |
| A considerable quantity of blood, called the ____________ ______________, normally remains in the ventricles at the end of the ejection period. | residual volume |
| A “swishing” abnormal heart sound indicating an incomplete closing of the vales or a stenosis of them is known as a ______________ ______________. | Heart murmur |
| _____ _____ is severe chest pain that occurs when the myocardium is deprived of adequate oxygen | angina pectoris |
| _____ describes a number of different types of heart diseases that result in abnormal enlargement | cardiomyopathy |
| _____ premature contractions | extrasystoles |
| _____ impulses are blocked from getting through to the ventricular myocardium, resulting in the ventricles contracting at a much slower rate than normal | heart block |
| _____ _____ is a serious compression of the heart that can be caused by pericardial effusion | cardiac tamponade |
| _____ medication that blocks norepinephrine receptors and thus reduces the strength and rate of heartbeats. | beta-adrenergic blockers |
| _____ pericardial draining | pericardiocentesis |
| _____ left-sided heart failure | Congestive heart failure (CHF) |
| _____ _____ is a condition in which blood not only ejects forward into the aorta but also flows back into the ventricle because of a leaky aortic semilunar valve | Aortic regurgitation |
| _____ caused by a reduction in the flow of blood to the vital myocardial tissue | coronary artery disease (CAD) |
| _____ sometimes the result of “extra beats” originating in the pulmonary veins | Atrial fibrillation |
| _____ helps dissolve clots | tissue plasminogen |
| The superior vena cava carries blood to the: | right atrium |
| The outside covering that surrounds and protects the heart is called the: | pericardium. |
| A valve that permits blood to flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery is called the: | pulmonary semilunar |
| A common type of vascular disease that occludes arteries by lipids and other substances is: | atherosclerosis |
| The left chambers are separated from the right chambers by an extension of the heart wall called the _________________. | septum |
| _______________ return blood from various tissues to the heart. | veins |
| Myocardial cells receive blood by way of two small vessels, the right and left __________ ________ | coronary arteries |
| The death of ischemic heart muscle that is usually the result of a blood clot to one of the larger coronary artery branches is known as _____________ ____________. | myocardial infarction |
| The cardiac veins drain into the right atrium through a common venous channel called the ____________ __________. | coronary sinus |
| The P wave represents (repolarization or depolarization) of the atria. | depolarization |
| The QRS complex represents (repolarization or depolarization) of the ventricles. | depolarization |
| At the same time that the ventricles are depolarizing, the atria are (repolarizing or depolarizing). | repolarizing |
| The T wave reflects (repolarization or depolarization) of the ventricles. | repolarization |
| An inverted T wave is often seen following a (myocardial infarction or pericarditis). | myocardial infarction |
| Ventricular diastole begins with the isovolumetric ventricular relaxation period of the cardiac cycle. T or F? | True |
| A stenosed valve is narrower than normal. T or F? | True |
| MVP is a condition affecting the bicuspid valve. T or F? | True |
| Atherosclerosis is a buildup of primarily lipids within the walls of blood vessels, making them hard and brittle. T or F? | True |
| Tachycardia is a slow heart rhythm—below 60 beats/min. T or F? | False. Tachycardia is a very rapid heart rhythm—more than 100 beats/min |
| Rhythmic compressions of the heart combined with effective artificial respiration in cases of cardiac arrest are known as _____________ ___________ ____________. | cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR |
| Increased serum levels in the blood often indicate a recent myocardial infarction. These levels are often monitored by a blood test called _____________ and a blood marker known as _________ ___________ __________ | Troponin, C-reactive protein (CRP) |
| Because cardiac muscles are capable of contracting on their own in a slow, steady rhythm, they are considered ___________________. | autorhythmic |
| The free edges of the cuspid flaps are anchored to the papillary muscles of the ventricles by several tendinous cords that are more commonly referred to as _________ ____________. | chordae tendineae |
Created by:
alucero