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1. What is the general term for a large network of blood vessels?
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2. What is the term for the connecting channels between blood vessels?
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Head & Neck.6
Vascular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. What is the general term for a large network of blood vessels? | plexus |
| 2. What is the term for the connecting channels between blood vessels? | anastomosis |
| 3. What type of vessel arises from the heart and carries blood away from it? What is its branching system? | *artery *→arteriole→capillary |
| 4. What type of vessel carries blood to the heart? What is its branching system? | *vein *venule |
| 5. What portion of the vascular system is a blood-filled space between two layers of tissue? | venous sinuses |
| 6. What major artery arises from the common carotid and subclavian arteries on the left side of the body? | aorta |
| 7. What is the direct branch from the aorta (on the right side of the body), which then branches into the common carotid and subclavian? | brachiocephalic artery |
| 8. What artery arises directly from the aorta (on the left side of the body) and travels up the neck, lateral to the trachea and larynx? | common carotid artery |
| 9. Which artery arises directly from the aorta (on the left side of the body) and has the upper arm as its main destination? | subclavian artery |
| 10. What are the two major arteries that supply the head and neck? | *common carotid *subclavian |
| 11. Where is the most reliable pulse during emergency treatment? | carotid pulse |
| 12. Which artery supplies intracranial structures and is also the source of the ophthalmic artery? | internal carotid artery |
| 13. What does the ophthalmic artery supply? | *eye *orbit *lacrimal gland |
| 14. Which artery supplies extracranial tissues of the head and neck including the oral cavity? | external carotid artery |
| 15. What are the major branches of the external carotid artery and how can they be grouped? | *anterior *medial *posterior *terminal *grouped according to their location to the main artery |
| 16. Which artery directly supplies tissues to the hyoid bone, infrahyoid muscles, sternocleidomastoid muscle, muscles of larynx, and thyroid gland? | superior thyroid artery |
| 17. Which artery directly supplies tissues superior to the hyoid bone including the suprahyoid muscles, floor of mouth, and tongue? | lingual artery |
| 18. Which artery directly supplies mylohyoid muscle, the sublingual salivary gland, mucous membranes of the floor of mouth, and suprahyoid muscles? | sublingual artery |
| 19. Outline the pathway of the facial artery. | *runs medial to the mandible *over the submandibular salivary gland *around the mandible’s inferior border *to lateral side *runs anteriorly *superiorly near the angle of the mouth *along side of nose *terminates at medial canthus of eye |
| 20. List major branches of the facial artery. | *ascending palatine *glandular branches *submental *inferior labial *superior labial *angular arteries |
| 21. Which artery directly supplies the soft palate, palatine muscles, and palatine tonsils? | ascending palatine artery |
| 22. Which specific artery can be a source of serious hemorrhage if it is injured during a tonsillectomy? | ascending palatine artery |
| 23. Which artery directly supplies the submandibular lymph nodes, submandibular salivary gland, and mylohyoid and digastric muscles? | submental artery |
| 24. Which artery supplies the lower lip tissues and facial expression muscles? | inferior labial artery |
| 25. Which artery supplies the upper lip tissues and facial expression muscles? | inferior labial artery |
| 26. Which artery supplies tissues along the side of the nose (and is the termination of the facial artery)? | angular artery |
| 27. Which artery directly supplies pharyngeal walls, soft palate, and meninges of the brain? | *ascending pharyngeal artery (pharyngeal branch & meningeal branches) |
| 28. Which artery directly supplies suprahyoid muscles, sternocleidomastoid muscles, and scalp and meningeal tissues in the occipital region? | occipital artery |
| 29. Which arteries directly supply the internal ear and the mastoid ear cells? | *posterior auricular artery (auricular brand & stylomastoid artery) |
| 30. Which artery arises within the parotid salivary gland and can be visible in patients under the skin of their face (on the lateral portion of their forehead area)? | superficial temporal artery |
| 31. Which artery directly supplies the parotid salivary gland and the nearby tissues? | transverse facial artery |
| 32. Which artery directly supplies the temporalis muscle? | transverse facial artery |
| 33. Which artery directly supplies portions of the scalp in the frontal and parietal regions? | parietal branch |
| 34. Outline the pathway of the maxillary artery. | *begins at neck of man. Condyle w/in parotid salaviary gland *runs between the man. & sphenomandibular lig. *through infratemporal fossa *either superficial or deep to lat pterygoid muscle *enters pterygopalatine fossa |
| 35. List the major branches of the maxillary artery within the infratemporal fossa. | *mid menigeal *inferior alveolar arteries *deep temporal(s) *pterygoid(s) *masseteric *buccal *posterior superior alveolar *infraorbital (orbital & ant. sup. Alveolar) *greater palatine (lesser palatine) *sphenopalatine (lat nasal, septal &nasopalatine) |
| 36. Which artery directly supplies the meninges of the brain located on the inferior surface of the skull, as well as the skull bones? | middle meningeal artery |
| 37. Which artery directly supplies the floor of the mouth and mylohyoid muscle? | mylohyoid artery |
| 38. Which artery directly supplies tissues of the chin and with what does it anastomose? | mental artery |
| 39. Which artery directly supplies pulp tissue, gingiva, and periodontium of mandibular anterior teeth? | incisive artery |
| 40. Which artery directly supplies the anterior and posterior portions of the temporalis muscle? | deep temporal arteries |
| 41. Which artery directly supplies the masseter muscle? | masseteric |
| 42. Which artery directly supplies the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles? | pterygoid arteries |
| 43. Which artery directly supplies the buccinator muscle and soft tissues of the cheek? | buccal artery |
| 44. Which artery directly supplies pulp tissue, periodontium, and gingiva of posterior maxillary teeth and the maxillary sinus? | posterior superior alveolar artery (dental & alveolar branches) |
| 45. Which artery directly supplies the orbital region, face, and anterior maxillary teeth? | infraorbital artery |
| 46. Which artery directly supplies the pulp tissue, periodontium, and gingiva of anterior maxillary teeth? | anterior superior alveolar artery (dental & alveolar branches) |
| 47. Which arteries directly supply both the hard and soft palates? | descending palatine artery (greater & lesser palatine artery) |
| 48. Which artery directly supplies the nasal cavity? | sphenopalatine artery |
| 49. Compare veins with arteries. | *veins-carries blood to heart, start small get bigger / *artery carries blood away from heart, start big get smaller *in head & neck veins more variable than arteries & larger & more numerous in same tissue area |
| 50. Which vein begins at the medial corner of the eye and drains into the internal jugular vein? | facial vein |
| 51. Which vein directly drains the tissues of the orbit? | ophthalmic veins |
| 52. Which vein directly drains the upper lip? | superior labial vein |
| 53. Which vein directly drains the lower lip? | inferior labial vein |
| 54. Which vein directly drains the tissues of the chin and submandibular region? | submental vein |
| 55. Which vein directly drains the dorsal and ventral side of the tongue and floor of the mouth? | lingual veins |
| 56. How is the retromandibular vein created and what will it form? | *formed by the merger of the superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein *external jugular vein |
| 57. Which vein directly drains the lateral scalp? | posterior auricular vein |
| 58. What is the location of the pterygoid plexus of veins? | around pterygoid muscles & surrounding the maxillary artery on each side of the face in the infratemporal fossa |
| 59. With what veins does the pterygoid plexus of veins anastomose? | both facial & retromandibular veins |
| 60. In general, which veins does the pterygoid plexus of veins drain? | the veins from the deep portions of the face |
| 61. What is the function of the pterygoid plexus of veins? | protects the maxillary artery from being compressed during mastication |
| 62. Where does the pterygoid plexus of veins drain? | into the maxillary vein |
| 63. Which veins drain blood from the deep portions of the face? | pterygoid plexus |
| 64. Which vein drains blood from the meninges of the brain? | middle meningeal vein |
| 65. Which vein drains the pulp tissues of the maxillary teeth and the periodontium of the maxillary teeth including the gingiva? | posterior superior alveolar vein (dental & alveolar branches) |
| 66. Which vein drains the pulp tissues of the mandibular teeth and periodontium including the gingiva? | inferior alveolar vein (dental & alveolar branches) |
| 67. Where are the venous sinuses located? | in the meninges |
| 68. Where is the cavernous venous sinus located? | on each side of the body of the sphenoid bone |
| 69. With what does the cavernous venous sinus communicate? | with the one on the opposite side & also with the pteryoid plexus of veins & superior ophthalmic vein, which anastomoses with the facial vein |
| 70. Which major vein drains most of the head and neck tissues? | internal jugular vein |
| 71. What structures are contained in the carotid sheath? | *internal jugular vein *common carotid artery & it’s branches *vegus nerve |
| 72. Which vein is the only vein in the head and neck to have valves near its entry of the subclavian vein? | external jugular vein |
| 73. Which vein begins inferior to the chin and drains into the external jugular vein? | anterior jugular vein |
| 74. Which vein is formed when the internal jugular vein merges with the subclavian vein? | brachiocephalic vein |
| 75. What do the brachiocephalic veins unite to form? | superior vena cava |
| 76. Which complications can come about as a result of blood vessel lesions? | *stroke (CVA) *heart attach (MI) *tissue destruction (gangrene) *infection (i.e. in the cavernous venous sinus) |
| 77. What is a clot that forms on the inner vessel wall? | thrombus (thrombi) |
| 78. What term is used when a clot dislodges from the inner vessel wall and travels as a foreign material in the blood? | embolus (emboli) |
| 79. What is the term to describe when a large amount of blood escapes the tissue without clotting? | hemorrhage |
| 80. What is the term used to describe when a blood vessel is injured, a small amount of the blood escapes into the surrounding tissues, and a clot forms? | hematoma |
| 81. What are the clinical signs of a hematoma? | *tissue tenderness *swelling *discolaration |
| 82. During what dental injections is the risk of hematoma higher? How is this prevented? | *incorrectly administered posterior superior alveolar block near the pterygoid plexus of veins *prevented by knowing the location of larger blood vessels |
Created by:
rio salado