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Weimar Republic
Weimar 1918-23
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What happened to the Kaiser at the end of WWI? | He abdicated and went to live in the Netherlands in exile |
| What was the armistice? | The ceasefire that ended the war at 11 am on 11th November 1918 |
| Who was the first Chancellor of the Weimar Republic? | Friedrich Ebert |
| What is proportional representation (PR)? | When the number of representatives in parliament reflects the number of votes gained in an election |
| Who chooses the Chancellor? | The president |
| What is a constitution? | A set of rules that say how the country must be run |
| Why was the Weimar Republic's constitution considered weak? | 1) PR meant that there were lots of coalition governments 2) PR allowed extremist parties to flourish 3) Many ordinary Germans didn't understand the concept of democracy and didn't like it |
| What was the Treaty of Versailles (T of V)? | The terms of surrender that Germany had to agree to |
| Why was the T of V know as a diktat (dictated peace)? | Germany was forced to sign it |
| What were the key terms of the T of V? | 1) War guilt - Germany had to admit to starting the war 2) Reparations - Set at £6.6 billion 3) Colonies given to allies 4) Military strength severely restricted 5) Loss of land in Europe |
| What does dolchstoss mean? | Stab in the back |
| What were the leaders who signed the armistice known as? | November criminals |
| What was the Spartacist Revolt? | An attempted revolution by extreme left-wing groups |
| When and where was the Spartacist Revolt? | January 1919, primarily in Berlin |
| Who were the leaders? | Karl Liebhnecht and Rosa Luxemburg |
| How did Ebert put the Revolt down? | He used the Freikorps |
| What or who were the Freikorps? | Ex WWI soldiers who had kept their weapons after the war. They numbered approximately 250,000 men. They were mainly Right wing and hated the communists |
| What happened to the Spartacist leaders? | They were arrested and shot |
| What was the Kapp Putsch? | An attempted revolution by extreme right-wing groups |
| When and where was the Kapp Putsch? | March 1920, Berlin |
| What happened? | The Freikorp, fearing unemployment, marched on Berlin and took control of the city |
| Who was the leader? | Wolfgang Kapp who was a nationalist politician |
| How did Ebert respond? | He and his government fled to Weimar then Stuttgart. He then encouraged the people of Berlin to go on strike |
| What impact did the strike have? | Gas, electricity, water and transport were stopped and the city came to a standstill |
| What happened to the putsch and Kapp himself? | The putsch ended after four days of the strike. Kapp fled but was later arrested and sent to prison |
| Why did the French occupy the Ruhr? | Because Germany failed to meet its reparation payments and the Ruhr was the centre of coal and industry |
| What did the French do? | They confiscated raw materials and manufactured goods |
| How did the Germans react? | They went on strike but the French just arrested the strikers and brought in their own workers |
| What were the consequences for Germany? | The occupation crippled Germany and led to increased unemployment, a shortage of goods and rising inflation |
| How did Germany react to the economic situation? | To compensate for falling tax revenue the government printed more money |
| What was the consequence of printing money? | It led to even higher inflation and constant rising of prices. Eventually Germany is suffering from hyperinflation. Between 1919 and 1923 the price of a loaf of bread rose from 1 mark to 200,000 billion marks |
| What were the negative consequences of hyperinflation? | 1) People were paid huge amounts of, effectively, worthless notes 2) Many shops refused to accepts the notes 3) Foreign suppliers refused the notes 4) Peoples savings and pensions became worthless |
| Who benefited from hyperinflation? | 1) People who had loans could repay them quicker 2) People who hoarded goods could sell them at vast profits 3) Foreign visitors and investors could make purchases very cheaply |
| What were the overall consequences for Weimar during the period 1919-1923? | 1) People viewed the Weimar Republic as weak as the government had to rely on the Freikorps ad worker's strikes to resolve problems 2) People didn't think democracy worked 3) Extremist parties flourished during this period |
Created by:
hoh history