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Anatomy Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which epidermal cell type is most numerous? | Keratinocyte |
| Skin surface markings that reflect points of tight dermal attachment to underlying tissues are called? | Dermal papillae |
| A dendritic or Langerhans cell is a specialized ________. | phagocytic cell |
| Thick skin has a more extensive dermal layer than thin skin. | False |
| Why might soap that has an alkaline base not be healthy for some patients to use daily? | The base will neutralize the acid on the skin that retards the growth of bacteria, and the removal of the normal microbiota of skin will leave the person exposed to opportunistic pathogens. |
| Which epidermal cell type is least numerous? | Merkel cells |
| Are crests, tubercles and spines bony projections or depressions? | Projections |
| Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of ________. | Osteogenic cells |
| When an osteoblast becomes completely surrounded by its own matrix secretions it is referred to as an ________. | Osteocyte |
| True or false: the periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves or blood vessels? | False |
| In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ________. | By pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis |
| Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream? | Parathyroid hormone |
| Which bone disorder is characterized by excessive deposit of weak, poorly mineralized bone? | Paget's disease |
| What kind of growth increases a bone's length? | Interstitial |
| What kind of growth increases a bone's width/thickness? | Appositional |
| Around what age does bone breakdown start exceeding bone buildup? | 40's |
| What is Paget's disease characterized by? | Excessive and abnormal bone remodeling |
| What is the bone healing process? | Formation of a hematoma, a fibrocartilaginous callus, a bony callus and bone remodeling. |
| A bone with approximately the same width, length and height is most likely? | A short bone |
| The shaft of a long bone is properly called the? | Diaphysis |
| The flat bones of the skull develop from? | Fibrous connective tissue |
| Bone remodeling in adults is regulated and directed mainly by? | Mechanical stress and PTH |
| Where within the epiphyseal plate are the dividing cartilage cells located? | Between the resting zone and the hypertrophic zone |
| The fracture type in which the bone ends are incompletely separated is? | Greenstick |
| Proliferation zone (step 1 of long bone growth) | Cartilage cells undergo mitosis |
| Hypertrophic zone (step 2 of long bone growth) | Older cartilage cells enlarge |
| Calcification zone (step 3 of long bone growth) | Matrix calcifies; cartilage cells die; matrix begins deteriorating; blood vessels invade cavity1\ |
| Ossification zone (step 4 of long bone growth) | New bone forms |
| Where does growth in length of a long bone occur? | Epiphyseal plate |
| What is osteocalcin? | A hormone produced by bones that helps to regulate insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, and energy expenditure |
| What is the primary ossification center in bones? | Diaphysis |
| What is the secondary ossification center in bones? | Epiphysis |
| Which hormone is a hormonal go-between bone formation and destruction? | Serotonin |
| What is the major organic fiber of bone? | Collagen |
| What kind of bones act to alter the direction of a tendon pull? | Sesamoid |
| Which hormone that is normally associated with its effects on weight and energy balance, also plays a role in bone density? | Leptin |
| What substance contained in the spaces of the spongy bone? | Red bone marrow |
| What is a meatus? | Canal like passageway in bone |
| An increase in bone growth is promoted by which hormones? | Calcitonin and calcitriol |
| This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length. | Epiphyseal plate |
| This is a lining found in bone that promotes bone growth in width. | Periosteum |
| These are extensions of the lacunae and are filled with extracellular fluid. | Canaliculi |
| What cells are required to cause the differentiation of cartilage to bone? | Osteoblasts |
Created by:
mias3