what prevents hangnails

drinking water and using lotion around the cuticle

what are the 4 types of infections

viral, bacterial, protozoan, and fungal

what actions help avoid contraction of deadly diseases

practicing good hygiene , avoiding contact with vectors, boosting your immune system with immunizations

what is the best means to prevent development of coronary heart disease

regular exercise and good nutrition

what are goals of the public health system

to provide reliable and sanitary systems of waste disposal, to ensure adequate supplies of clean water, to provide educational programs to the public, to provide immunization programs

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health test 2

Question	Answer
the root of the nail from which keratinized nails cells grow	nail matrix
how often should the free edge of the nail be trimmed	once a week
the cuticle protects the skin at the tip of the finger and the bone underneath	false
keeping your nails clean will help protect you against the spread of harmful bacteria	true
what prevents hangnails	drinking water and using lotion around the cuticle
a strand of hair is composed of?	bulb, cortex, cuticle, medula
what nutrients help healthy hair grow	protein and vitamin a
overexposure to what things makes hair dry and brittle	heat, sunlight, and chlorine
what are the 4 types of infections	viral, bacterial, protozoan, and fungal
the improper functioning of the body brought about by heredity, infection, diet, or the environment	disease
cannot be spread through contact or any mechanism of transmission	non infectious disease
caused by the spread of harmful microorganisms	infectious disease
caused by the multiplication of a small infectious agent which invades a host cell and then destroys it	viral infection
caused by the reproduction of a small infectious agent which produces poisons that destroy cells	bacterial infection
caused by the multiplication of fungal organisms on or in the body	fungal infection
caused by microscopic parasites	protozoan infection
a disease characterized by the unrestrained growth of abnormal cells on or in tissues of the body	cancer
a cancer that affects the connective tissue, supportive tissue, and blood vessels	sarcoma
a cancer that affects the skin and tissues that covers or lines the organs	carcinoma
a cancer that affects the tissues of the lymphatic system	lymphoma
cancer-causing agents that transform normal cells into cancer cells	carcinogens
a type of therapy that destroys cells by injecting anticancer drugs directly into the affected tissue	chemotherapy
the ? immune system consists of the skin, protective secretions, the inflammatory response, and phagocytes	innate
white blood cells that eliminate the chances of infection	phagocytes
the ? immune is activated if the ? is unable to control the infection	adaptive; innate
? immunity depends upon the production of disease-specific antibodies to destroy harmful bacteria	humoral
? immunity uses helper cells and killer cells to identify and destroy abnormal cells	cellular
what actions help avoid contraction of deadly diseases	practicing good hygiene , avoiding contact with vectors, boosting your immune system with immunizations
? heart disease is a malformation of the heart present at birth	congenital
the result of reduced blood flow to the heart caused by the build up of fatty deposits in the arteries	coronary heart disease
coronary heart disease can lead to a	heart attack
what is the best means to prevent development of coronary heart disease	regular exercise and good nutrition
? infections cannot be cured with antibiotics	viral
the only cure for the common cold and the flu is	rest
symptoms of the ? include sneezing, coughing, sore throat, and fatigue	flu
pneumonia is usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection in the ? , which causes the patient to cough up yellow-green mucus	lungs
streptococci are ? that can cause diseases such as strep throat, tonsillitis, pneumonia, and scarlet fever	bacteria
streptococci infections are spread by	airborne droplets
a disease of the pancreas in which insulin is not produced in the correct amounts so that glucose can be converted into energy or stored as fat	diabetes
? diabetes usually develops during adolescence and is thought to be caused by an inherited predisposition to pancreas problems	type 1
? diabetes is mainly treated with insulin injections received several times a day	type 1
both Type I and Type II diabetics can help keep their insulin levels near normal by following a strict diet that is low in	carbohydrates
untreated diabetes can cause ? damage to your eyes, nerve fibers, and kidneys	irreversible
inflammation of the liver and other tissues that can be caused by viral infection or drug abuse	hepatitis
which type of viral hepatitis can be contracted by eating food that has been touched by dirty hands	type a
t/f : hepatitis can cause severe liver damage if it is not treated properly	true
t/f: symptoms of STDs are usually never detectable or life-threatening	false
the best means to avoid being infected by an STD is	abstain from sexual contact
t/f: public health systems seek to promote the health of an entire community by controlling the spread of disease	true
what are goals of the public health system	to provide reliable and sanitary systems of waste disposal, to ensure adequate supplies of clean water, to provide educational programs to the public, to provide immunization programs
the government agency concerned with tracking outbreaks and developing methods to combat the spread of disease is the:	CDC
the agency responsible for promoting public health by providing free immunization programs and educating health workers is the	CDC
what STDs are incurable regardless of how early it is detected	herpes and aids
what STDs can a person have and transmit without realizing they are transmitting	gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, AIDS, chlamydia
what ways can STDs not be transmitted	insect vectors and sneezing
human papillomaviruses cause	genital warts and cancer
most effective method of preventing both STDs and pregnancy is	abstinence
can cause sores, rashes, dementia, or blindness	syphilis
can cause burning urination and infertility	gonorrhea
similar to gonorrhea but more likely to be carried unknowingly	chlamydia
parasitic STD causing genital irritation and mild discharge	trichomoniasis
pubic lice that cause itching	crabs
untreatable STD causing periodic outbreaks of blisters	genital herpes
can cause genital warts or cervical cancer	HPV
common consequences of teen pregnancy	premature delivery, discontinued education, poverty
the term used for a drug that can be purchased without a doctor's approval	over the counter
medicine only your doctor can give you	prescription
drugs purchased from the street	illegal
whom to ask before mixing any drugs	doctor or pharmacist
taking someone else's medication	misuse
a chemical substance taken to change bodily function	drug
drugs used to relieve the body of pain and disease	medication
sugar pill that is chemically inert	placebo
the abuse of a legal drug:	can cause physical harm and dependence
t/f: it is not safe to take medication after the date stamped on the package is past	true
t/f: drug abuse will not lead to physical and psychological dependence	false
t/f: understanding the difference between use and misuse is the key to a healthy outlook on drugs	true
t/f: drugs will harm you	true
if a friend offers you drugs ?	say no
a person is said to be ? when they continue to use a substance even though it harms them	addicted
if you have questions about medicine, who should you ask	doctor or pharmacist
? is the result of a person relying heavily on drugs to avoid dealing with the problems of life	psychological dependence
t/f: taking another person's medication endangers yourself	true
your older sister has a headache and wants to take aspirin. the dosage information on the bottle directs individuals age 12 and older to take two pills every four hours as needed. what should she do	follow instructions on the bottle
what ways can a drug enter your body	inhalation, swallowing, injection, absorption
if a drug or medication is misused repeatedly, it is being ?	abused
all medication comes with instructions and a(n) ? date	expiration
what are the categories of drugs	stimulants, depressants, narcotics, and hallucinogens
most experts in the field of addiction recommend total ? for the recovering alcoholic and addict	abstinence
? cause you to see, hear and taste things that are not there	hallucinogens
? slow down or reduce nerve activity	depressants
? relieve pain and suppress coughing and diarrhea	narcotics
a ? is a chemical substance used to treat, prevent, or diagnose a disease or alter one or more functions of the body	drug
after a drug is administered, it undergoes the process of ?	metabolism
in what 2 ways does a drug affect the body	stimulates a chemical reaction by a cell or disease causing agent, blocks a chemical reaction by a cell or disease causing agent
the effectiveness of a drug depends upon	dosage
? fight invading bacteria by either slowing their multiplication or destroying them	antibiotics
which type of drugs work by stopping the transmission of pain impulses to the brain and spinal cord or by preventing the perception of pain	non narcotic analgesics
which type of drugs kill pain by blocking impulses at specific receptor sites of the brain and spinal cord	narcotic analgesics
? help the body to eliminate excess amounts of water in the blood, tissues, or organs by increasing the production of urine	diuretics
? drugs produce a calming effect by slowing brain activity and reducing the heart rate	anti anxiety
? drugs block the effects of certain neurotransmitters on the brain	anti psychotic
endocrine drugs correct the level of specific ? in the body	hormones
the taking of any drug in a manner that can help bolster one's physical or psychological state is known as	drug use
t/f: people commonly abuse drugs because they enjoy the physical or emotional effects that the drug produces	true
t/f: psychological dependence is marked by a state of mental and physical abnormality when the drug is withdrawn	false
t/f: only illegal drugs can be used in such a way that causes physical harm or psychological and physical dependence	false
what are some medicinal uses of alcohol	relief of indigestion, relief of anxiety or stress, reduction of cholesterol levels in the bloodstream
what are some consequences of being drunk	dehydration, nausea, dizziness, death
which of the following factors influences an individual's blood alcohol levels	weight, gender, rate of consumption
best method of quitting tobacco is to	quit/ cold turkey
t/f: nicotine gum and patches can help tobacco users cope with withdrawal symptoms	true
increases the activity of the central nervous system	stimulants
increases the heart rate and suppresses the appetite	amphetamines
first used by Europeans as a local anesthetic; now abused for its euphoric effects	cocaine
found in coffee beans, tea leaves, and cocoa beans	caffeine
reduces the activity of the central nervous system	depressants
suppresses brain activity by blocking the ability of nerves in the brain from sending or receiving signals	barbiturates
reduces the physical and psychological symptoms of anxiety by reducing brain activity	tranquilizers
pain-killing drugs that are derived from opium	narcotics
prescribed for pain involving serious injury or surgery	morphine
illegal derivative of morphine that is sold on the street as a white powder	heroin
naturally-occurring or synthetically-produced drugs that can cause hallucinations	hallucinogens
can evoke feelings of terror and panic	LSD
causes user to experience a conscious dreamlike state	marijuana
cancer-causing agents that transform normal cells into cancer cells	carcinogens
tobacco leaves and stems contain an addictive drug known as	nicotine
nicotine is a ? that speeds up neural activity by increasing the body's production of epinephrine	stimulant
what are withdrawal symptoms of nicotine	headache, anxiety, fatigue, lack of patience
? causes damage to the alveoli and increases the production of mucus in the mouth, throat, and lungs	tar
? hinders the body's ability to absorb needed amounts of oxygen	carbon monoxide
? more frequently develop chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, heart disease, and emphysema than ?	smokers; nonsmokers
? are at as great of a risk as smokers for respiratory and circulatory diseases	passive smokers
the harmful effects of tobacco use are mainly caused by what substances	nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide
t/f: when one person acts in an unsafe manner, others can easily be injured as well	true
the freedom from the occurrence of accidents	safety
an unplanned event that usually results in injury or loss	accident
the type of behavior that can lead to accidents	careless
the first step in the prevention of accidents	careful consideration
the second step in the prevention of accidents	responsible behavior
the basis for responsible behavior	rules of safety
all ? should be carpeted or covered with a non-slip surface and equipped with sturdy handrails.	stairways
beds should be covered with fire retardant?	blankets
to prevent falls in the middle of the night, all ? should have a light or light switch within reach	beds
? beds should be sturdy and equipped with a ladder and a guardrail	bunk
display keepsakes and plants out of the reach of ? and away from the edge of a shelf	children
floors and walkways should be kept free of	clutter
torn or loose carpets should be	replaced
cabinets containing ? should be kept locked at all times	weapons
treat all guns as if they are	loaded
never light a fire in the ? with gasoline or other flammable chemicals	fireplace
when using the fireplace, never leave the room unless the screen is ?	closed
when smoking, always deposit ash in a(n)	ashtray
in order to prevent accidental spillage, pots and pans:	should be watched carefully
which measure is important to keep children from reaching pots	do not allow the handles of pots to stick out over the edge of the stove
to prevent cuts, the sharp edges of knives and scissors should always be	directed away from the body
to avoid food poisoning, perishable items should not be stored in the refrigerator for more than ? days.	4-5
to prevent the spread of flames caused by a grease spill on the stove or in the oven, use a fire extinguisher or throw ? on the fire source	baking soda
every kitchen should be equipped with a	fire extinguisher and smoke detector
as a safety precaution, do not talk or laugh while you are	eating
t/f: to prevent infants and young children from choking, cut their food into pieces that can be easily swallowed	true
t/f: children should never be left alone in a bathtub or near a toilet	true
when eating, children should	use dull edged utensils
t/f: it is safe to leave tools and workbenches cluttered with nails and tools	false
t/f: tools can be used safely for jobs that they were not designed to do	false
when is the best time to clean lawn equipment	when it is cooled down and turned off
eye protection should be worn when	cutting grass, working with wood or metal, working with harsh chemicals
where should flammable materials be stored	in a fireproof container
safe places to store poisons	out of reach of children, in a locked cabinet
the garage should be kept well ventilated in order to guard against	carbon monoxide poisoning
space heaters should:	be kept out of walkways and and not be left unattended
bathtubs and shower stalls should be equipped with a grab bar and a rubber mat to help prevent	falling
it is important never to leave young children unattended near water because they can drown in as little as _________ of water	1 inch
to prevent accidental overdose, medications should be kept	locked in a cabinet and out of reach of children
where is the safest place to operate a hair dryer	away from water
what should you do when trimming plants and vines	wear gloves
weed killers and rodent poisons should not be used:	where pets and young children play
overexposure to the sun's rays can be prevented with the use of:	sunscreen
stray animals should be avoided because	they can bite and give you rabies
before using the lawn mower or other power equipment, ?	clear the yard of people and pets
children should be allowed to play in a pool only when:	an adult is supervising
in order to practice pedestrian safety at night you should	never walk alone at night, wear light colors, carry a flashlight
practicing water safety means:	never swimming alone
t/f: get out of the water if there is lightning	true
what is the main cause of house fires	smoking
? function as an early warning system, notifying you that smoke is in the air	smoke detectors
what are the components of a fire plan	multiple escape routes from every room, a safe meeting place away from the house, periodic practice
when evacuating a burning building, do not open doors that are ? and stay ?	hot; low to the floor
if your clothes catch on fire, drop to the ground and ? , covering your ? with your hands.	roll; face
? are expected to follow the same rules of traffic as car and truck drivers	bicyclists
when riding a bicycle, wear a	helmet
as a bicyclist or pedestrian, wearing ? colored clothing will make you more visible to car and truck drivers	bright
ride your bicycle on the ? side of the street with the flow of traffic	right
if no sidewalk is available, walk on the far ? side of the road, safely out of the way of oncoming traffic	left
where should you cross the street	at a corner and at a designated crosswalk
t/f: direct contact with an electrical current can seriously injure or kill you	true
using electrical tools while your hands are wet could cause:	electrocution
you should turn off an electrical switch ? changing a light bulb so that you don't get shocked	before
t/f: to prevent drowning, always swim alone	false
the safest way to test for strong currents is to:	watch the movement of a stick or a leaf on the water
t/f: diving into a shallow body of water is safe if you can't see the bottom	false
the best way to prevent boating accidents is to:	obey all the rules of boating
a life jacket is designed to:	keep your head above water
wearing ? clothes helps to reflect the sun's warming rays	light colored
t/f: overexertion in extremely hot temperatures helps the body to cool itself	false
never walk alone in the:	dark
to avoid theft, carry your wallet in a ? pocket	front
purses that are held ? are easy targets for thieves	loosely
car doors should remain ? while you are driving	locked
to prevent burglaries, house doors should remain ? at all times	locked
never tell someone that you are home ?	alone
do not enter a ? place alone	secluded
if you are attacked,	yell for help
seek shelter ? when lightning begins to strike	in a building
if no safe shelter is available during an electrical storm, ? on the ground away from water	lie
do not use or touch ? during an electrical storm	electrical appliances
in the event of an emergency, your ? should be able to provide your family with enough food, water, and blankets for several days	emergency supply kit
laws regulating speed, traffic flow, seat belt use, etc., were established:	for your safety
before the car starts, the driver and all the passengers should always:	buckle and adjust their seatbelts
never get behind the wheel of a car if you are?	tired, taking drugs that make you sleepy, sick
if you are practicing principles of defensive driving, you will:	allow yourself time and space to react to the actions of other drivers
if you are suddenly caught driving in a massive downpour, you should:	pull over to the side and wait for the storm to pass
shelter from a tornado should be sought:	in a basement, in a room in the center of the first floor, under a staircase in the center of the house
never seek shelter from a tornado:	in a mobile home, in a car or truck or in a room with windows
children should only be allowed to play in a pool:	when a responsible adult is supervising
the quick and ready administration of basic medical help given to victims until emergency medical care can be given is known as:	first aid
what should you do if a person is choking and is unable to speak, breathe, or cough?	deliver 5 back blow and 5 abdominal thrusts
what should you do if a person is unconscious and not breathing?	begin CPR
what do the good samaritan laws do	provide legal protection for rescuers, provide legal protection for victims, encourage responsible people to offer aid to accident victims
you must ask the victim permission to administer first aid if:	he is conscious
? are caused by a scraping away of the skin's surface and are susceptible to infection	abrasions
what injuries can be treated by applying direct pressure with a bandage or towel	minor cut or severe wound
t/f: in order to keep a victim of severe internal bleeding from going into shock, keep him or her moving until EMS arrives	false
if a shock victim is feeling cold, what is the best thing to do for him	cover him with a blanket
t/f: elevating a shock victim's feet will help his or her circulation	true
in which of the following situations should you alert EMS?	loss of consciousness
in which of the following situations should you call the Poison Control Center	possible overdose on medication
a list of emergency care numbers should be kept:	near every phone in the house
the most important thing to do in an emergency is	stay calm
it is important to wear rubber gloves or a plastic face mask when administering first aid:	not only to protect yourself and the victim from the spread of infectious diseases but also to keep blood or other fluids from getting on your face or hands
signs of a sprain, fracture, or dislocation might include	bruising, swelling, pain
a fracture is defined as:	a broken, cracked, or chipped bone
if someone has suffered a neck, back, or head injury, you should not:	move the victim
First: Second: Third: Fourth:	check the scene for hazardous conditions, check the vital signs of the victim(s), call EMS with information about the accident, administer first aid.
which injury is the most severe	breathlessness
what info should you give to the EMS responder	your name, location, what happened, who is involved, how the victims are being helped
? degree burns are characterized by damage to the epidermis and the dermis	2nd
? degree burns only cause redness, minor pain, and swelling	1st
when treating ? burns, run cool water over the burned area, pat the area dry, and then cover it with a sterile bandage	minor
? burns should be flushed with cool water until EMS arrives	chemical
call ? immediately if a person is bitten by a snake or shows signs of an allergic reaction to a bee sting	EMS

Created by: hufsarain

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