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ch 42
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is regulated by the kidneys? | All the above - water content of the blood, blood pH level, and blood ion concentration |
| The medial surface of each kidney has a notch called the: | hilum. |
| At the beginning of the “plumbing system” of the urinary system, urine leaving the renal papilla is collected in the cuplike structures called: | calyces. |
| The functional unit of the kidney is the: | nephron. |
| Which of the following is a component of the renal corpuscle? | glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule |
| Which of the following structures secretes renin when blood pressure in the afferent arteriole drops? | juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| Substances pass from the glomerulus and into the Bowman’s capsule by: | filtration |
| The juxtaglomerular cells reside in the: | afferent arteriole |
| The left kidney is often slightly larger and positioned slightly lower than the right kidney. T or F | False |
| Blood is brought to the kidneys by the renal vein. T or F | False |
| Micturition and urination are synonymous terms. T or F | True |
| The glomerulus is one of the most important capillary networks for survival. T or F | True |
| Once urine enters the renal pelvis, it travels to the renal calyces. T or F | False |
| As the basic functional unit of the kidney, the nephron’s function is blood processing and urine formation. T or F | True |
| The kidneys are covered with visceral peritoneum. T or F | False |
| Which of the following is not one of the processes of urine formation? | diffusion |
| The movement of water and solutes from the plasma in the glomerulus, across the glomerular- capsular membrane, and into the capsular space of the Bowman’s capsule is termed: | filtration |
| The movement of molecules out of the peritubular blood and into the tubule for excretion is | secretion |
| Under normal conditions, most water, electrolytes, and nutrients are reabsorbed in the: | proximal convoluted tubule |
| Which of the following is considered a countercurrent structure? | Henle loop |
| Water loss from the blood is reduced by: | ADH and aldosterone |
| Dysuria is a term describing | painful urination |
| All of the following are normal contents of urine except: | plasma proteins |
| Which of the following is not symptomatic of diabetes mellitus? | anuria |
| Proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb nutrients from the tubule fluid, notably glucose and amino acids, into peritubular blood by a special type of active transport mechanism called sodium cotransport. T or F | True |
| Postexercise proteinuria is considered serious and often indicative of kidney disease. T or F | False |
| Fluid exiting the Henle loop becomes less concentrated with Na+ and Cl− ions. T or F | True |
| A hydrostatic pressure gradient drives the filtration out of the plasma and into the nephron. T or F | True |
| The efferent arteriole has a larger diameter than the afferent arteriole. T or F | False |
| Stress causes an increase in glomerular hydrostatic pressure. T or F | False |
| In the renal tubule, Na+ is reabsorbed via active transport. T or F | True |
| Glomerular filtration separates only harmful substances from the blood. T or F | False |
| Urine consists of approximately 75% water. T or F | False |
| Urine has a pH of 4.6 to 8.0 and is generally alkaline. T or F | False |
| ______ urine backs up into the kidneys, causing swelling of the renal pelvis and calyces | hydronephrosis |
| ______ kidney stones | renal calculi |
| ____ final stage of chronic renal failure | uremia |
| _____ involuntary retention of urine with subsequent distention of the bladder | neurogenic bladder |
| ______ inflammation of the bladder | cystitis |
| ______ inflammation of the renal pelvis and connective tissues of the kidney | pyelonephritis |
| _____ an abrupt reduction in kidney function characterized by oliguria and a sharp rise in nitrogenous compounds in the blood | acute renal failure |
| ______ progressive condition resulting from gradual loss of nephrons | chronic renal failure |
| _____ intense kidney pain caused by destruction of the ureters by large kidney stones | renal colic |
| ______ most common form of kidney disease caused by a delayed immune response to streptococcal infection | acute glomerulonephritis |
| ______ albumin in the urine | proteinuria |
| ______ inflammation of the urethra that commonly results from bacterial infection | urethritis |
| Which of the following processes is used by the artificial kidney to remove waste materials from the blood? | dialysis |
| Failure of the kidneys to remove wastes from the blood will result in which of the following? | uremia |
| Hydrogen ions are transferred from blood into the urine during which of the following processes? | secretion |
| Which of the following conditions would be considered normal in an infant younger than 2 years of age? | incontinence |
| Which of the following steps involved in urine formation allows the blood to retain most body nutrients? | reabsorption |
| Voluntary control of micturition is achieved by the action of which of the following? | external urethral sphincter |
| What is the structure that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder called? | ureter |
| What are the capillary loops contained within Bowman’s capsule called? | glomeruli |
| The triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney are known as | pyramids |
| The trigone is located in the: | bladder. |
| Cuplike structure at each renal papilla that collects urine | Calyx |
| Narrows as it exits the kidney to become the ureter; acts as a collection basin to drain urine from the kidney | Renal pelvis |
| Minor calyces join to form major calyces, which in turn join together to form the ____ ____ | renal pelvis. |
| what are the functions of the urinary bladder? | Reservoir for urine before it leaves the body, Aided by the urethra, expels urine from the body |
Created by:
alucero