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Test 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Political Culture | reflects the dominant political values and beliefs of a people, it explains how people feel about their gov. - their expectations of what powers it should have over their lives, the services it should provide and their ability to influence its actions. |
| What is Texas political culture? | Conservative |
| The distinct minority in Texas are what? | Liberals |
| What do liberals believe in? | positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals, government regulation of the economy, support for civil rights, and tolerance for social change. |
| Many Texans share a belief in a limited role for what? | government in taxation and providing social services |
| What do conservatives support? | traditional values and lifestyles, and are cautious in response to social change. |
| Why is it difficult for Democrats to win statewide office even with the support of independents? | |
| Texans hold conservative views regarding what? | state taxes and social policies |
| Majority of Texans oppose spending cuts to what programs? | state programs |
| Taxes in Texas are very what? | low |
| Despite the public's ambiguous attitudes about spending, the state has committed far _________ financial resources to public services than most other states. | fewer |
| Texas has not been reluctant to use the power of the state to enforce ______, to ________, to ________, and to ________. | traditional values, to restrict abortions, to prohibit same-sex marriages, and to impose relatively severe penalties on lawbreakers. |
| Daniel Elazar has what (3) subcultures? | Moralistic, Individualistic, and Traditionalistic |
| What is Moralistic Culture? | A political subculture that views government as a positive force; one that values the individual but functions for the benefit of the general public. |
| What is Individualistic Culture? | A political subculture that views government as a practical institution that should further private enterprise but intervene minimally in people's lives. |
| What is traditionalist Culture? | A political subculture that views government as an institution to maintain the dominant social and religious values. |
| Texas is a mix of what two cultures? | traditional and individualistic |
| In Texas, Culture varies by what? | Region |
| What subculture overrides the individualistic in East Texas? | traditional |
| What subculture supersedes the traditional throughout the rest of the state? | individualistic |
| Voter turnout in Texas in consistently counted among the _____ of the 50 states. | Lowest |
| East Texas is basically _____ and ________. | Rural and biracial |
| East Texas counties and towns are often dominated by who? They are based on _____, _____, ______, and _______. | Old Families Real estate, banking, construction, and retail merchandising |
| What dominates the region spiritually and permeates its political, social, and cultural activities? | Fundamentalist Protestantism |
| Since the discovery of oil, the Gulf Coast has experienced what? | almost continuous growth |
| In addition to being an industrial and petrochemical center, the Gulf Coast is one of the most important _____ centers in the nation. | shipping |
| Growth in the Gulf Coast area created a boomtown psychology and the _______ area especially flourished. | Houston |
| What was Houston's initial growth after World War II fueled by? | a flood of job seekers from East Texas and other rural areas of the state |
| Houston's social and economic elite were generally composed of second- and third- generation rich whose wealth came from what? | oil, insurance, construction, land development, or banking |
| Houston is the worldwide ___ and ____ capital and it boasts many corporate headquarters. | oil and gas capital |
| What are the Texas Cultural Regions? | East Texas, The Gulf Coast, Houston, South Texas, Far West Texas, The Texas Border, Immigration and National Security, German Hill Country, West Texas, |
| What is the ranchero culture? | A quasi-feudal system whereby a property's owner, a patron, gives workers protection and employment in return for their loyalty and service. |
| Where do rancher or rancheros and workers live? | on the rancho, or ranch. |
| What is a creole? | A descendant of European-Spanish (or in some regions, French) immigrants to the Americas. |
| What is a mestizo? | A person of both Spanish and Native American lineage. |
| What is the Valley of the Rio Grande? | An area along the Texas side of the Rio Grande River known for its production of citrus fruits. |
| What is far west Texas known as? | Trans-Pecos region |
| Far West Texas exhibits elements of what two cultures? | its large Mexican-American population often maintains strong ties with relatives and friends in Mexico. |
| The_______ strongly influences social and cultural attitudes on both sides of the border. | Roman Catholic Church |
| Far West Texas is a major commercial and social passageway between _____ and the _____. | Mexico and the United States |
| What two areas compromise the area known as the Texas Border? | South and Far West Texas |
| What is a maquiladora? | Mexican factories where U.S. corporations employ inexpensive Mexican labor for assembly and piecework. |
| What is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)? | A treaty among Canada, Mexico, and the United States which has helped remove trade barriers. |
| ______ is a major staging ground for the migration of both legal and illegal immigrants. As well as ______ into the interior of Texas and the rest of the US. | The Texas Border Human traffickers |
| What is the German Hill Country? | The hill country north and west of San Antonio |
| The Hill country north and west of San Antonio was settled primarily by ______ but also by _____, ______, and _____. | immigrants from Germany, but also by Czech, Polish, and Norwegian immigrants. |
| The Hill Country is primarily a _______ and ________ area. | Farming and ranching area. |
| The Hill Country is socially and politically _______ and has long been a stronghold of the Texas ______ Party. | conservative Republican |
| West Texas to Anglo-American Settlement | |
| West Texas is socially and politically _______. | conservative |
| West Texas's religion is _________. | Bible Belt Fundamentalism |
| What is the major oil-producing area of Texas? | Southern West Texas |
| Northern West Texas is primarily what? | agricultural |
| Although railroads advancing from Kansas City through the Panhandle brought Midwestern farmers into this region, the modern Texas Panhandle shares ______ cultural attributes with the American Midwest. | few |
| The Panhandle economy is supported by production of _____ and _____. | cotton and grains |
| The Panhandle depends heavily on the _______. | Ogallala Aquifer |
| What is North Texas located between? | East and West Texas |
| What is North Texas today? | Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area |
| What region is more economically diverse than most other Texas regions? | North Texas |
| North Texas relies heavily on _____, _____, and the ______ . | banking, insurance, and the defense and aerospace industries. |
| What is Central Texas also called? | the core areas of Texas |
| What are the three corners of Texas called? | Houston, Dallas-Fort Worth, and San Antonio. |
| What is the city of Austin became? | The Silicon Valley of high-tech industries in Texas |
| What were Female Texans not able to do? | not able to vote, were not able to serve on juries, and retained some property rights |
| Who was the champion for women's suffrage in the state of Texas? | Minnie Fisher Cunningham |
| Texas was on of the first southern states to ratify what Amendment? | Nineteenth Amendment |
| A passage of a series of laws titled what amounted to major steps toward women's equality? | The Marital Property Act |
| What did the Marital Property Act grant married women equal rights in? | Insurance, banking, real estate, contracts, divorce, child custody, and property rights |
| What was the first such comprehensive family law in the United States? | The Marital Property Act |
| Roe v. Wade resulted in new limits imposed on what clinics in Texas? | abortion |
| What is the white primary? | the practice of excluding African Americans from primary elections in the Texas Democractic Party |
| What is the KKK? | a white supremacist organization |
| Along with local law officers and the Texas Rangers, the KKK actively participated in violence and intimidation of both _____ and ______ to keep them "in their segregated place." | Latinos and African Texans |
| What is the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)? | Organization committed to civil rights, the NAACP has been a viable instrument for African Texans to achieve justice. |
| Why did the supreme court hold that state laws requiring racial segregation violate the Fourteenth Amendment? | |
| Who successfully integrated Texas public law schools after the U.S. Supreme Court? | Heman Sweatt |
| Like most African Texans, Latinos were relegated to the lowest-paid jobs as either ______ works or _____ workers. | service workers or farm workers |
| Who organized the American GI Forum in a Corpus Christi elementary school classroom in March 1948? | Dr. Hector Garcia |
| The American GI Forum organization spread throughout the United States and played a major role in what? | giving Latino Americans full citizenship and civil respect. |
| The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) | defines marriage as a legal union between a man and a woman and further stipulates that hostile states do not have to recognized same-gender marriage contracts from other states. |
| Texas added an amendment to the Texas Constitution in 2005 banning both ____ and ____ marriage and civil unions. | gay and lesbian |
| Texas is one of the what? | fastest-growing states |
| Demographics | population characteristics, such as age, gender, ethnicity, employment, and income, that social scientists use to describe groups in society. |
| What could increasing diversity in Texas could impact what? | Politics, Culture, Voter participation, and income and poverty. |
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