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Physical Science
FINAL REVIEW - Matter and Energy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Waves | A disturbance or vibration, of a medium and moving through that medium. |
| Medium | A substance through which a wave can travel. (solid, liquid, gas) |
| Wavelength | Distance between two corresponding points of adjacent waves, such as the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs of a transverse wave. |
| Amplitude | Maximum distance the particles of a medium move from their resting positions when a wave passes through. (This can determine how loud or quiet a sound is.) |
| Crest | The highest point of a transverse wave. |
| Trough | The lowest point of a transverse wave. |
| Compression | A part of a longitudinal wave that the particles are crowded together. |
| Rarefaction | A part of a longitudinal/compressional wave that the particles are spread apart. |
| Frequency | The number of waves that are produced in a given amount of time. (Measured in hertz) |
| Longitudinal Wave | A wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave motion (Like a spring/back-and-forth motion). Example: Sound Waves |
| Transverse Wave | A wave in which the particles of the medium move perpendicularly to the direction the wave is traveling (Like a wave on a rope/up-and-down motion). Example: Light Waves |
| Seismic Wave | Waves caused by the release of energy during the shifting of tectonic plates. |
| Reflection | The bouncing back of a ray of light, sound, or heat when the ray hits a surface it will not go into. |
| Absorption | The intake of light energy to be converted into heat energy. |
| Refraction | The bending of a wave as the wave passes between two substances (mediums) in which the speed of the wave differs. |
| Scattering | The reflection of light in many different directions. |
| Vacuum | A space that contains no matter (particles). |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | A range of electromagnetic radiation (waves) that are organized according to their wavelengths. |
| Visible Light | A narrow band on the electromagnetic spectrum that allows us to see color. |
| Infrared Light | Invisible electromagnetic radiation that can be used to detect heat. |
| Ultraviolet Light | Invisible electromagnetic radiation that can caused damage to the skin. |
| Atom | Particle that serves as the building blocks for all matter in the universe. |
| Element | A pure substance that is made from a single type of atom that retains its physical and chemical properties. |
| Density | The measure of how compact the mass in a substance or object is. (Determines if it can sink or float) |
| Volume | The amount of space an object takes up. |
| Mass | The amount of matter that is inside an object. |
| Boiling Point | The temperature at which a liquid substance boils and changes to a gas as heat is added. |
| Melting Point | The temperature at which a solid substance melts and changes to a liquid as heat is added. |
| Freezing Point | The temperature at which a liquid substance freezes and changes to a solid as heat is removed. |
| Condensing Point | The temperature at which a gas substance condenses and changes to a liquid as heat is removed. |
| Solubility | The ability for a solute to dissolve in a solvent. |
| Solvent | A substance in a solution that dissolves a solute. Example: water |
| Solute | A substance in a solution that is being dissolved. Example: Iced tea mix, sugar. |
| Conduction | The transfer of heat through direct contact. |
| Convection | The transfer of heat that occurs only in liquids and gases, and is caused by the rising and falling of heated/cooled particles, generating a current. (Circulation) |
| Radiation | The transfer of heat through wave energy. |
| Conductor | A material that allows heat and electricity to flow through readily (or easily). Example: metals such as silver, copper, aluminum. |
| Insulator | A material that does not allow heat and electricity to flow through readily (or easily). Example: rubber, wood, plastic, ceramic |
| Physical Property | A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the sample. Example: Density, Boiling/Freezing/Melting/Condensing Points, solubility, conductivity |
| Chemical Property | A characteristic that can be observed or measured only when matter undergoes a change to become an entirely different kind of matter. Example: flammability, reactivity |
Created by:
codymcmaster
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