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Respiratory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of the respiratory system? | Delivers a constant supply of oxygen to all cells of the body and removes carbon dioxide (a waste product of cell metabolism). |
| Discuss the flow of air to the lungs | Air enters nose through nostrils & passes through nasal cavities into pharynx, it exits laryngeal pharynx into the larynx. Then air passes through trachea into bronchi in the lungs, it reaches the bronchioles and then enters the alveoli |
| What is external respiration | Oxygen from the air enters the bloodstream in the lungs and carbon dioxide leaves the bloodstream and is breathed out from the lungs into the atmosphere |
| What is internal respiration? | Oxygen leaves the bloodstream and enters the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells enters the bloodstream |
| What is respiration? | It is the exchange of gasses between the blood and atmosphere and involves external respiration and internal respiration |
| Define apnea | Absence of breathing |
| Define asphyxia | Severe lack of oxygen dye to obstruction of the airways |
| Define cyanosis | Bluish skin colour due to lack of oxygen |
| Define dyspnea | Difficult or laboured breathing |
| Define effusion | Accumulation of fluid |
| Expectorate | To cough out sputum from the lungs |
| Define hypoxia | Deficiency of oxygen |
| Define pleural | Pertaining to the lungs |
| Define sputum | Secretions coughed up from the air passages |
| Thoracotomy | An incision into the thorax, e.g. for draining fluid |
| Define tracheotomy | Emergency opening of the trachea to provide air |
| Define inhalation | Breathing in |
| Define exhalation | Breathing out |
| ARDS | Adult respiratory distress syndrome |
| PCO2 | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide |
| PO2 | Partial pressure of oxygen |
| COAD | Chronic obstructive airways disease |
| ENT | Ear, nose and throat |
| IRDS | Infant respiratory distress syndrome |
| RSV | Respiratory syncytial virus |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| PPD | Purified protein derivative |
| TB | Tuberculosis |
| Ts + As | Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
| URTI | Upper respiratory tract infection |
| SOB | Shortness of breath |
| What is bronchitis? | Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchial tubes |
| What is pleurisy? | Inflammation of the pleural membrane |
| What is pneumonia | Inflammation of the lungs |
| What is pulmonary edema? | Accumulation of fluid in the lungs |
| What is RSV? | Respiratory syncytial virus - a virus that is a major cause of respiratory distress in infants and children |
| What is rhinitis? | Inflammation of the nasal mucuos membranes |
| What is tonsillitis? | Inflammation of the tonsils |
| What is respiratory tuberculosis? | An infectious disease of the respiratory system caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Name 5 respiratory system disorders | Apnea Asthma Hypoxia Bronchitis Pneumonia Cystic fibrosis COPD IRDS Pleurisy Pulmonary oedema RSV Rhinitis Tonsillitis Tuberculosis URTI Dyspnea Emphysema |
| Name 6 lab tests for respiratory system disorders | Acid fast basilli Arterial blood gas/ CBG Full blood count Throat swab for MCS Sputum MCS Broncial washings for microbial cultures Skin test: PPD (Purified protein derivative) Electrolytes Cocci IGG/IGM |
| Where does cellular respiration take place? | Mitochondria |
| Where does gas exchange take place | Alveoli - alveolar sacs |
| What keeps the alveoli from collapsing? | Surfactant |
| What respiratory illness can be caused by smoking? | COPD or Emphysema |
| What is another name for the voice box? | Larynx |
| What divides the left and right nostrils? | Septum |
| Which tubes goes from the trachea to the lungs? | Bronchi |
| What is another name for the windpipe? | Trachea |
| What prevents food from entering the airway? | Epiglottis |
| Which muscle is used for breathing? | Diaphragm |
| How does the oxygen in the alveoli pass into the bloodstream? | By diffusion from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through the thin walls of the alveoli into the blood |
| RT | Respiratory therapy |
| Give the correct term for when carbon dioxide combines with haemoglobin | Carbaminohaemoglobin |
| Give the correct term for when oxygen combines with haemoglobin | Oxyhaemoglobin |
| Cystic fibrosis | Genetic endocrine disease causing an excess production in mucous |
Created by:
cisca