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SS 8 Chapter 18
American Nation Chapter 18- Reconstruction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | Rebuilding of the South after the Civil War |
| Ten Percent Plan | Lincoln's plan. Allowed a southern state to form a new government after 10% of the people in that state swore loyalty to the US |
| Wade- Davis Bill | bill that said that anyone who volunteered to fight for the Confederacy (south) during the Civil War was not allowed to vote or hold office |
| Freedmen's Bureau | government agency founded to help former slaves |
| John Wilkes Booth | man who assassinated President Lincoln |
| Andrew Johnson | became president after Lincoln was assassinated |
| Thirteenth Amendment | made slavery illegal throughout the US |
| freedmen | men and women who were slaves before the Civil War |
| amnesty | when the government excuses the fact that a person fought for the Confederacy(south) |
| 2 problems faced by the South after the Civil War | * many houses, bridges and barns were destroyed* 2/3 of the Souths railroad tracks were destroyed* Many southern cities were destroyed* south was broke, banks closed and many people lost their savings |
| What early Reconstruction measure did Lincoln and Congress agree upon? | Lincoln signed the bill that created the Freedmen's Bureau, which gave food and clothing to former slaves, and provided medical care to the poor, and set up schools for freedmen |
| Why did Republicans in Congress oppose Johnson's Reconstruction plan? | Johnson's plan allowed Southern leaders who were former Confeederate leaders into Congress. The republicans were outraged. |
| Radical Republicans | people who wanted to *break the power of the wealthy Southerners* make sure that freedmen received the right to vote |
| Thaddeus Stevens | House of Representatives leader of the Radical Republicans |
| Charles Sumner | Senate leader of the Radical Republicans |
| Fourteenth Amendment | said that all people who were born in the US were considered citizens, no matter what their race |
| Radical Reconstruction | |
| Reconstruction Act | act that enforced all of the views of reconstruction:* make sure all citizens were treated equal* made Southern states accept (ratify) the 14th amendment* made suree southern states allowed Afreican Americans to vote |
| Fifteenth Amendment | gave all blacks over the age of 21 the right to vote |
| black codes | laws that did not allow free blacks tot vote, own guns or serve on juries |
| impeach | to bring charges against a president in order to remove him from office |
| Why did the black codes anger Republicans in Congress? | the southern states were using the black codes to "preserve slavery as long as possible". Black codes were not making reconnstruction easy. |
| How did Radical Republicans win control of Congress? | by passing the 14th amendment |
| Why did Congress impeach President Johnson? | Congress believed that Johnson did not try to support Reconstruction |
| Hiram Revels | First black senator in the USA- took over Jefferson Davis' Senate seat when he became president |
| Blanche K Bruce | First black senator to finish a full term in the USA |
| Conservatives | white southerners who did not want the south to change |
| Ku Klux Klan | white southern conservatives who used violence to get back "white power" in the south |
| scalawag | name meaning "traitor" that was given to white southerners who supported the Republicans and wanted to rebuild the south |
| carpetbagger | name that southerners gave to Northerners who came to the south to make money |
| sharecropper | poor whites and blacks who rented shares of land to farm on, in the hope of owning them one day |
| What role did freedmen play in Reconstruction governments? | were able to vote, ran for and were elected to public office, became sheriffs, mayors, and legislators in the state and local governments |
| What was the goal of groups like the Ku Klux Klan? | To prevent blacks from being equal to whites, even though it was now the law |
| 2 economic problems faced by Reconstruction governments in the South | taxes had to be raised to rebuild the south, government officials were corrupt and used government money for their personal use |
| Why did many farmers become sharecroppers? | After slavery was abolished and made illegal, many large farm owners did not have anyone to work on their farms |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | |
| Jim Crow laws | nickname given to all of the laws that made it difficult for blacks to be equal to whites |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | court ruling that said that segregation was legal only if the program or institution that was made for both blacks and whites provided equal opportunities |
| Henry Grady | journalist who first said the term "New South" in order to build confidence in southerners |
| "New South" | a term to describe the South during reconstruction when the South was trying to rebuild the economy and build up industry |
| James Duke | leader of the KKK |
| poll tax | a tax that was required to be payed before someone could vote. This prevented poor blacks from voting |
| literacy test | a reading test that was required to be passed before someone could vote. This prevented uneducated blacks from voting. |
| grandfather clause | law that said if a person's grandfather was able to vote, then they are able to vote. This allowed many poor and illiterate whites to vote |
| segregation | separating blacks and whites in restaurants, schools, bathrooms, hospitals, theaters and cemetaries |
| Why did the Radical Republicans lose their power? | |
| 2 ways in which African Americans in the south LOST political rights | |
| How did the southern economy change after Reconstruction? |
Created by:
jmaichin