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Chapter 17
The Renaissance and Reformation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are some of the characteristics of the “Renaissance Man” and “Renaissance Woman”? | -Men were charming, and should know the classics. -Women were not expected to seek fame -inspire art but rarely create it -Upper class women were more educated than medieval class |
| How did Italy's cities help to make it the birthplace of the Renaissance? | By having a wealthy merchant class, thriving cities, and by looking to Greek and Rome for influence. |
| What was the attitude of Church leaders and the wealthy towards the arts? Why? | They found it appealing, and they used it to demonstrate their own importance, as having your portrait in a public square add to your importance. The Church supported the arts, they thought it is beautiful and show their own importance. |
| How did the study of the classics influence branches of learning such as history, literature, and philosophy? | It improved the information that was known about. It helped to improve different branches. Classical texts led to a different outlook on life, emphasizing human potential and achievements. |
| How is the humanism of the Renaissance reflected in its art? Explain with examples | -Realistic statues of other humans and body -Raphael drew School of Athens painting showing the figures of Renaissance like Michelangelo -Vernacular writing (native language, not Latin) Renaissance art dealt with realism and perspective |
| Name three artists and explain their works of art. | Raphael (School of athens) -Michelangelo (sixteenth chapel) -Leonardo Da Vinci (Last supper) |
| What political, economic, and social factors helped bring about the Reformation? | Queen Elizabeth I helped restore Protestantism -Powerful monarchs challenged the church as the supreme power in Europe -Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority. |
| From where did the term Protestantism originate? | A group of people at the time of Martin Luther who were Catholic protesters of certain Catholic beliefs. |
| What impact did Henry VIII’s actions have on England in the second half of the 1500s? | Henry wanted a heir to the throne and none of his wife’s gave him a son, all they gave were daughters or no kids at all, so he had most of them executed or divorced. Like Mary queen of scottland, he was also not mentally stable. |
| What were some social issues that led to the Reformation? | - The Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the church. - Churches hated humanism - The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church |
| What were some political issues that led to the Reformation? | - Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe - Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority |
| What are some economic issues that led to the Reformation? | - European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth - Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the Church |
| What were some religious issues that led to the Reformation? | - Some Church leaders had become worldly and corrupt. - Many people found Church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable. - The Church did not represented the Christian values |
| Who was Martin Luther? | He exposed Church for corruption, challenged Church for their teachings. His actions began the Reformation, a movement for religious reform Martin Luther's Teachings. Got excommunicated by the Church, he did not follow or listen. |
| What were some of Martin Luther's teachings? | People could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness. The Church taught that faith and “good works” were needed for salvation. All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible. |
| Who were the Jesuits? | They were follower who followed the Society of Jesus. |
| What did the Jesuits focus on? | They founded schools throughout Europe. Jesuit teachers were well-trained in both classical studies and theology. They converted non Christians to Catholicism. They sent out missionaries around the world. They wanted to stop the spread of Protestantism. |
| What was the Legacy of the Reformation? | The Reformation had an enduring impact, through its religious, social, and political effects, the Reformation set the stage for the modern world. It also ended the Christian unity of Europe and left it culturally divided. |
| What did Ignatius write and what was it about? | Ignatius wrote a book called “Spiritual Exercises” that laid out a day-by-day plan of meditation, prayer, and study. |
| What is Predestination? | When god knows who from the beginning of time what souls will be saved and what souls will not be saved. |
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