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Chem Test Ch 15

TermDefinition
solution a homogenous mixture
solvent the dissolving medium in a solution
solute the substance dissolved in the solvent to make a solution
aqueous solution a solution with water as the solvent
polarity the tendency of a compound to have opposite ends with different charges
ionic bond the chemical bond that results from the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions (cations) and negative nonmetal ions (anions)
ionic bonding a type of bonding between oppositely charged ions
covalent bond the chemical bond that results from two nonmetals sharing electrons
covalent bonding a type of bonding in which atoms share electrons
nonpolar covalent the electrons are shared equally between the two atoms
polar covalent the electrons are shared unequally between the two atoms
saturated solution a solution that contains as much solute as can be dissolved in that solution at that temperature
unsaturated solution a solution in which more solute can dissolve than is already dissolved at that temperature
supersaturated solution a solution that contains more solute than a saturated solution can hold at that temperature
concentrated a solution in which a relatively large amount of solute as can be dissolved in that solution
dilute a solution in which a relatively small amount of solute is dissolved in a solution
mass percent the mass of solute present in a given mass of solution represented as a percent
molarity the number of moles of solute per liters of solution
standard (stock) solution a solution whose concentration is accurately known
dilution the process of adding solvent to a solution to lower the concentration of solute
titrant solution that is being added to the titration
indicator a plant dye that changes color at a certain pH
endpoint point at which the indicator changes color
equivalence point point in titration when enough titration has been added to react exactly with the substance in solution that is being titrated
standardization finding the exact concentration of a solution by titrating it against a known standard
neutralization reaction an acid-base reaction
equivalent of an acid the amount of acid that can furnish one mole of hydrogen ions (H+)
equivalent of a base the amount of base that can furnish one more of hydroxide (OH-)
equivalent weight the mass (in grams) of one equivalent of an acid or a base
normality (N) the number of equivalents per liter of solution
boiling point elevation when solute is added, it raises the boiling point
freezing point depression when solute is added, it lowers the freezing point
colligative property a property that is dependent only on the number of solute particles present in the solution
solubility "like dissolves like" factors that affect solubility - polarity, surface area, stirring, temperature
Created by: meg.minor.15
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