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Chem Test Ch 15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| solution | a homogenous mixture |
| solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution |
| solute | the substance dissolved in the solvent to make a solution |
| aqueous solution | a solution with water as the solvent |
| polarity | the tendency of a compound to have opposite ends with different charges |
| ionic bond | the chemical bond that results from the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions (cations) and negative nonmetal ions (anions) |
| ionic bonding | a type of bonding between oppositely charged ions |
| covalent bond | the chemical bond that results from two nonmetals sharing electrons |
| covalent bonding | a type of bonding in which atoms share electrons |
| nonpolar covalent | the electrons are shared equally between the two atoms |
| polar covalent | the electrons are shared unequally between the two atoms |
| saturated solution | a solution that contains as much solute as can be dissolved in that solution at that temperature |
| unsaturated solution | a solution in which more solute can dissolve than is already dissolved at that temperature |
| supersaturated solution | a solution that contains more solute than a saturated solution can hold at that temperature |
| concentrated | a solution in which a relatively large amount of solute as can be dissolved in that solution |
| dilute | a solution in which a relatively small amount of solute is dissolved in a solution |
| mass percent | the mass of solute present in a given mass of solution represented as a percent |
| molarity | the number of moles of solute per liters of solution |
| standard (stock) solution | a solution whose concentration is accurately known |
| dilution | the process of adding solvent to a solution to lower the concentration of solute |
| titrant | solution that is being added to the titration |
| indicator | a plant dye that changes color at a certain pH |
| endpoint | point at which the indicator changes color |
| equivalence point | point in titration when enough titration has been added to react exactly with the substance in solution that is being titrated |
| standardization | finding the exact concentration of a solution by titrating it against a known standard |
| neutralization reaction | an acid-base reaction |
| equivalent of an acid | the amount of acid that can furnish one mole of hydrogen ions (H+) |
| equivalent of a base | the amount of base that can furnish one more of hydroxide (OH-) |
| equivalent weight | the mass (in grams) of one equivalent of an acid or a base |
| normality (N) | the number of equivalents per liter of solution |
| boiling point elevation | when solute is added, it raises the boiling point |
| freezing point depression | when solute is added, it lowers the freezing point |
| colligative property | a property that is dependent only on the number of solute particles present in the solution |
| solubility | "like dissolves like" factors that affect solubility - polarity, surface area, stirring, temperature |
Created by:
meg.minor.15
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