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Science, Chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the location on the surface directly above the earthquake focus called? | epicenter |
| Rigid layer of Earth that includes the entire crust and the uppermost part of the mantle is called the? | Lithosphere |
| Instrument that records earthquakes is called? | seismograph |
| Map - Which region has the most earthquake activity? | the edge of the Pacific Ocean |
| What material do scientists believe makes up a large part of the upper mantle? | peridotite |
| The point at which an earthquake begins is called? | focus |
| Approximately how many earthquakes are strong enough to be felt each year? | 30,000 |
| In areas where soil is saturated with water, earthquakes can turn stable soil into fluid during a process called? | liquefaction |
| To find the epicenter of an earthquake, what is the minimum number of seismic stations that are needed? | three |
| What scale do scientists today most often use to express the magnitude of an earthquake? | moment magnitude |
| What type of seismic wave causes the greatest destruction to buildings? | surface waves |
| In addition to the damage caused directly be seismic shaking, list four other types of destructive events that can be triggered by earthquakes? | Tsunami, liquefaction, landslides/mudslides, Avalanche |
| What is liquefaction and how can earthquakes cause liquefaction to occur? | Soil and rock are saturated with water which causes stable soil to turn to liquid. Liquid can not support buildings/structures. They may collapse |
| How much more ground shaking occurs in an earthquake that measures 4.2 on the Richter scale compared with an earthquake that measures 6.2? | 100 times more |
| Determine the distance between an earthquake and seismic station if the first S wave arrives three minutes after the first P wave? | 1900 km |
| What property that is different for P and S waves provides a method for location the epicenter of an earthquake? | speed |
| Movements that follow a major earthquake often generate smaller earthquakes called? | aftershocks |
| An earthquake in the ocean floor can cause a destructive sea wave called a ? | tsunami |
| Outer core? | liquid layer, flow of magnetic iron generates Earth's magnetic field |
| Lithosphere? | mostly sedimentary rock |
| crust? | granodiorite, is granitic |
| Mantle? | solid rock shell, common rock is periodite, density - 3.4 g/cm3 |
| core? | iron- nickle alloy ; iron rich density - 13/g/cm3 |
| explain the conditions that cause earthquakes? | *caused by the release of elastic energy stored in rock that has been subjected to great force. This causes the vibration of an earthquake as the rocks elastically return to their original state. *Slippage along a break in lithosphere *seismic waves |
| How did scientists determine the composition of each layer? | studied seismic data, rock samples from the crust and mantle, meteorites, and high pressure experiments on Earth materials |
Created by:
MaryHip