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Exam 3 Psy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Schizophrenia is diagnosed according to 5 criteria, which of the following is NOT a criteria used to diagnose schizophrenia? | amnesia |
| The theorist who advanced the wish-fulfillment idea about dreaming was | Freud |
| The collection of beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior is referred to as one's ____, according to Rogers. | self-concept |
| If a psychological disorder results in an individual having difficulty completing routine or necessary everyday activities, the individual's behavior would most likely be considered | maladaptive |
| A man is really angry at his boss but he takes out his anger on his wife, the wife then spanks her child, the child then kicks the dog, the dog then bites the mailman. This situation illustrates | displacement |
| According to Mowrer, phobic responses are acquired through ____ conditioning and maintained through ____ conditioning. | classical; operant |
| A psychological disorder characterized by a split betweem thought and emotion where a person has difficulty distinguishing whether altered perceptions and conscious experiences are real or imagined is difined by which of the following terms? | schizophrenia |
| Inga keeps distressing thoughts and feelings buried, according to Sigmund Freud she is using ____________________ to ward off anxiety. | repression |
| If you were awakened while you are experiencing rapid eye movements you probably would report that you | had been dreaming |
| The personal awareness you have of both internal and external stimuli, and your thoughts concerning those stimuli, comprise your | consciousness |
| True or False. Low levels of serotonin and reduced hippocampal volume appear to be associated with most forms of depression. | True |
| The system used by psychologists to classify psychological disorders is the | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) |
| True or False. Cognitive theorists maintain that certain styles of thinking make some people particularly vulnerable to anxiety disorders. | True |
| Research in behavioral genetics has shown that identical twins reared apart often have similar personality traits. This result suggests that ____ contribute(s) to personality. | genetic inheritance |
| Amanda describes herself as intelligent, friendly, and responsible. Amanda's family, friends, and teachers all agree that she shows those qualities. According to Rogers her self-concept is | congruent |
| The last dream period of the night is usually the | longest |
| The medical model of abnormal behavior proposes that | it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease |
| Elise is so terrified of enclosed places that she had to quit her new job because her office had no windows. She knows that her fear is irrational, but she can't seem to control her anxiety. In this case, Elise's symptoms are most consistent with | a phobic disorder |
| Freud ascribed great importance to sexual and aggressive impulses, mainly because they | tend to be routinely frustrated. |
| The portion of the personality that mediates between instinctual demands and the external social world is the | ego |
| If she is using the defense mechanisms of reaction formation, a mother who actually hates her son would most likely be both unaware of her hatred and | act in an extremely loving way toward her son |
| Evolutionary psychology suggests that consciousness | must serve an adaptive purpose |
| According to Freud, unresolved unconscious conflicts often produce | anxiety |
| Failure to resolve conflict at a particular stage of psychosexual development may lead to failure to move forward to the next stage, a phenomenon that Freud called | fixation |
| John, a college student, is very interested in his courses and is planning on attending graduate school in psychology. Which of the following types of needs has John probably not yet satisfied? | self-actualization |
| Which theory of dreaming suggests that the cortex constructs dreams in order to make sense out of neural impulses from subcortical areas of the brain? | activation-synthesis |
| Damian has brief attacks of overwhelming anxiety in which his heart pounds and he can't control his breathing. He never knows when the next attack is going to occur. In this case, Damian's symptoms are most consistent with | panic disorder |
| Doctors and nurses try to "watch what they say" when performing surgery because | people under anesthesia maintain some awareness and can occasionally hear comments |
| Which hormone plays a key role in adjusting the day-night cycle? | melatonin |
| In the posted TED Talk, The Power of Introverts, Susan Cain proposes which of the following ideas? | Society should stop pushing everyone to be an extrovert. |
| weeks of feeling gloomy and being socially withdrawn, Marco has suddenly become extremely sociable and talkative. He doesn't seem to need any sleep, and he becomes irritated when his friends tell him to slow down. Marco's behavior is consistent with | bipolar disorder |
| Your needs to live in a crime-free neighborhood, save money, buy insurance, and have a stable job are examples of which of the following kinds of needs? | esteem |
| True or False. According to Freud, the preconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior. | True |
| Stimulants are Psychoactive drugs that | increase mental processes and physical activity. |
| Carly has a feelings of sadness for the past several weeks. has little energy and has stopped going out with her friends. has lost her appetite & rarely cooks. feels her situation is hopeless and that she only has herself to blame. Most likely Carly has | major depressive disorder |
| An anxiety disorder that typically follows a very painful event, and is characterized by a reliving of that event, avoidance of stimuli associated with the event, or numbing of general responsiveness is | a posttraumatic stress disorder |
| Four-year-old Sam has erotically tinged desires for his mother and also feels hostility to his father. Freud would conclude that Sam is experiencing the | Oedipal complex |
| True or False. Narcotics, or opiates, are drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain. | True |
| Nathaniel's wife cannot sleep through the night. She claims that her husband seems to stop breathing in his sleep and then suddenly jerks awake, gasping for breath. This not only disturbs his sleep, it also awakens her. It is likely that Nathaniel | has sleep apnea |
| According to the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ____ tend to be sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, and modest. | agreeableness |
| Jasmine used to feel quite giddy and light-headed after drinking a single glass of wine. Now she finds she can drink three glasses of wine before she feels giddy. This suggests that Jasmine | has developed a drug tolerance for alcohol |
| Johnny believes he is the president of the United States. If Johnny isn't the president, his false belief represents | a delusion |
| True or False. During sleep people generally cycle through a series of four stages that include stages of slow-wave and REM sleep. | False |
| The psychological disorder that involves the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities is | dissociative identity disorder |
| A type of dissociative disorder characterized by sudden loss of memory concerning a limited period of time, usually after a particularly stressful or traumatic event, is | dissociative amnesia |
| The superego is Freud's term for | the moral component of personality |
| Kimberly constantly thinks her immaculate house is dirty and spends most of her day cleaning, scrubbing, and straightening up. She could be diagnosed as having | obsessive-compulsive disorder |
| True or False. Concordance rates for schizophrenia are the same for fraternal twins and identical twins. | False |
| Inadequate social skills and therefore a decrease in sources of social support have been suggested as factors that contribute to the development of | depressive disorder |
| True or false. In his theory of multiple intelligences Robert Sternberg suggest that different manifestations of intelligent behavior are valued in different contexts. | false |
| Which psychologist concluded that humans exhibit eight largely independent types of intelligence? | Howard Gardner |
| The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale originally calculated a child's IQ by using which of the following formulas? | MA/CA ´ 100 |
| True or false. The failure to recognize that you can use a tool as a weight is an example of the problem solving barrier known as functional fixedness. | True |
| True or false. The gambler’s fallacy reflects the influence of the representativeness heuristic. | True |
| The active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily attainable best describes | problem solving |
| The trial and error approach to problem solving is most effective when | there is a relatively small number of possible solutions |
| True or false. People who never remember their dreams probably have a sleep pattern that puts too much time between their last REM/dream and awakening. | True |
| When a person has chronic problems with not getting adequate sleep, he or she is said to suffer from ____________________. | insomnia |
| True or false. According to the cognitive view on dreams proposed by Rosalind Cartwright, dreams are simply the by-product of bursts of activity emanating from subcortical areas in the brain. | false |
| The _________________________ theory on dreaming suggests that people fulfill ungratified needs from waking hours in their dreams. | wish fulfillment |
| A conscious attempt to focus one's attention and bring mental processes under voluntary control is called ____________________. | meditation |
| True or false. The EEG pattern observed when individuals are in deep relaxation is generally 8-12 cycles per second and are known by the Greek letter Alpha. | True |
| The 24 hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species are known as ______________________________. | circadian rhythms |
| _________________________ sleep consists of sleep stages 3 and 4 during which high-amplitude, low-frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings. | Slow-wave |
| Withdrawal illness is associated with a ______________________________ to a drug. | physical dependence |
| True or false. The health-impairing behaviors that can develop from recreational drug use are considered to be indirect effects. | True |
| True or false. Many theorists believe that virtually all abused drugs eventually increase activity in the monoamine reticular pathway. | False |
| Research studies suggest that REM and slow-wave sleep contribute to ______________________________, or a firming up of the learning that takes place during the day. | memory consolidation |
| Somatoform disorders are a class of psychological disorders characterized by | physical ailments that cannot be fully explained by organic conditions |
| The central feature or symptom of schizophrenic disorders involves | disturbed or irrational thought processes |
| While a person with ____ experiences anxiety only in certain specific situations, a person with ____ experiences anxiety in a wide variety of situations. | phobic disorder; generalized anxiety disorder |
| The DSM classification system is said to be "multiaxial." This means that the system | asks for judgments about individuals on numerous separate dimensions |
| Jalen is thinking about all the things she has to do before she goes to her first class. She is mentally making lists of all these things so she will remember to do them on her way to school. According to Freud, these thoughts are contained in Jalen's | conscious mind |
| Which of the following is not consistent with the text's definition of personality? | a focus on an individual's "main motivations" |
| Having a rather poor sense of self worth, Bruce attempts to make himself feel important by belonging to an exclusive tennis club and eating at the best restaurants. Bruce may be using the defense mechanism of | identification |
| Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to reduce a huge list of personality traits compiled by Gordon Allport to ____ basic dimensions of personality. | sixteen |
| Freud believed society's first systematic efforts to regulate child’s biological urges occurred during the | anal stage |
| True or false. Abraham Maslow called the degree of disparity between self-concept and the actual experience incongruence. | False |
| Julio is extremely dependable and productive, and his friends think he is great at organizing events. Based on the five-factor model of personality, Julio would probably score | high in conscientiousness |
| The self or self-concept is the central focus of | Roger's person-centered theory |
| According to Maslow, after people satisfy their physiological needs and safety and security needs they will next become concerned with | Correct belongingness and love needs |
Created by:
Btran573