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The region of the spine that consists of five vertebrae and has a lordotic curve is the:
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The articular surfaces of the articular processes of the vertebrae are called:
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Spine Study
Word/theory testing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The region of the spine that consists of five vertebrae and has a lordotic curve is the: | Lumbar Spine |
| The articular surfaces of the articular processes of the vertebrae are called: | Facets |
| The blocklike anterior portion of a typical vertebra is called the: | Body |
| The number of vertebrae in the normal cervical spine is: | Seven |
| The axis is another name for: | C2 |
| The toothlike projection on which the atlas rotates is called the: | Dens or odontoid process |
| When an anteroposterior (AP)projection of the cervical spine is performed, the central ray is directed: | 15 degrees cephalad |
| When the midsagital plane of the body is parallel to the IR and the central ray is directed perpendicular to C4, the resulting image will be: | Lateral projection of the cervical spine |
| A shallow breathing technique is used to advantage when taking a lateral projection of the: | Thoracic spine |
| For which of the following projections is it most important to consider the anode heel effect: | AP projection of the thoracic spine |
| A supine position with the central ray directed 10 degrees caudad midway between the level of the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis is used to demonstrate the: | AP projection of the coccyx |
| Spine radiography may be peformed with the patient: | Upright, supine or prone |
| Patient breathing instructions for all projections of the lumbar spine should include: | Suspend breathing on expiration |
| The central ray for a lateral projection of the lumbar spine when using a 35 x 43 cm IR is: | Perpendicular to the IR through L3 and L4 |
| The projection commonly called the swimmer's technique will demonstrate which region of the spine? | Cervial/Thoracic |
| The positioning steps for the AP projection of the upper cervical spine open-mouth technique include: | Align the midsagittal plane perpendicular to the IR, align the occlusal plane and base of the skull parallel to the horizontal plane and use close collimation |
| Which palpable landmark would be used when positioning for an AP projection of the lumber spine? | Iliac Crest |
| When the posterior portions of the neural arch fail to close during early embryonic development, the condition is known as: | Spina bifida |
| Which region of the spine is the most common site of pathologic compression fracture of vertebral bodies due to osteoporosis: | Thoracic |
| Which condition is demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography but is not normally seen on routine radiography? | Disc herniation |
| What is the vertebral column for: | To support and protect the spinal cord |
| What is HNP: | Herniated Nucleus Pulposus - slipped or ruptured disc |
| What is the definition of a Hernia: | Protrusion of a structure through a wall which normally contains it |
| What is a discetomy with fusion? | Removal of a disc |
| What is spina bifida: | Lamina failed to unite posteriorally |
| What is scoliosis: | Abnormal lateral curve |
| What is a facet? | Smooth area for articulation |
| What is articulation: | Joint where bones are joined together |
| What is different about the Thoracic spine: | Facets or articulation with ribs |
| What is the other name for the Thoracic spine: | Dorsal spine |
| What is the routine for an AP Lumbar Spine? | FFD: 40", film size 14x17lw. Supine. Flex knees.CR is perpendicular to the film entering L3 (Iliac Crest)- must see symphasis pubis |
| What is the routine for an Obl Lumbar Spine (RPO/LPO)? | FFD 40", 10x12lw. Supine obl. MSP to lateral border, 1/2 way between, slide patient until CR hits finger, place thumb on opposite ASIS, roll like a log. Breathe out. Apophyseal joint |
| What is the routine for a Lateral Lumbar Spine? | 40", 14x17lw. Supine lateral recumbant. Flex knees, place hands under head "like a nap". CR perpendicular to the film entering L3. Place lead strip behind back |
| What is the routine for a L5-S1 special view? | FFD 40", 8x10lw. Lateral recumbent. Flex knees. Please hands under head "like a nap". CR is 3-5 degrees caudad entering upon L5-S1. |
| What is the routine for an AP Thoracic Spine? | FFD: 40", 7x17lw (men) 14x17lw (scoliosis). Supine. Anode heel effect, CR entering between T1-T7. Deep inspiration. |
| What is the routine for a Lateral Thoracic Spine? | FFD 40" 14x17lw. Lateral recumbent. Place hands under head "like a nap". Flex knees. CR is perpendicular to the film entering between T6-T7. Short shallow breaths (1-2 sec) |
| What is the routine for an AP Axial Spine? | FFD 40", 8x10lw. Supine. Tilt head back slightly (a line between incisors and EAM). CR is 15-2degrees cephallic entering C4 (hyoid). Shown is C3-T2 |
| What is the routine for Open Mouth Special View? | FF: 40", 8x10cw, supine, tilt head back slightly. CR is perpendicular to the film entering open mouth. Shown is C1-C2 and Ordontoid process. |
| What is the routine for an Obl Cervical (RPO/LPO) (RAO/LAO) | FFD 72", 8x10lw. Upright obl. RPO/LPO. If too short, use RAO/LAO. 1)RPO/LPO 15-20 cephallic or 2)LAO/RAO 15-20 caudad (short), entering C4 |
| What is the routine for a Lateral C-Spine? | FFD: 72", 8x10lw. Upright lateral. Place sandbags if possible in hands at same time. CR is perpendicular to film entering C4. MUST SEE C-7. |
| What is the routine for Swimmers View or Twinning Method (special view)? | FFD: 72". 8x10 or 10x12lw. Upright lateral. Arm closest to wall bucky up, other arm down. CR is perpendicular to the film entering C7. If patient cannot stretch, tilt 3-5 caudad. Shown is lower C, upper T. |
| What is the routine for an AP Axial Sacrum? | FFD: 40", 10x12lw. Supine. If possible, keep legs straight(if not, tilt a little less on CR). CR is 15-20 cephallic entering 2 1/2" superior to symphasis pubis. |
| What is the routine for an AP Lateral Coccyx? | FFD: 40", 8x10lw. Supine. If possible, keep legs straight (if not, tilt a little more on CR). CR is 10-15 caudad entering 2 1/2" superior to symphasis pubis |
| What is the routine for a Lateral Sacrum and/or Coccyx? | FFD 40". For both 10x12lw, for coccyx, 8x10lw. Lateral recumbent. Place hands under head "like a nap". Flex knees. CR is perpendicular to the film entering 1-4" posterior to ASIS. |
| What are the routines for a Lumbar Spine? | AP, Oblique, Lateral and special view |
| What are the routines for a Thoracic Spine? | AP Axial, Oblique, and Lateral |
| What are the routines for a C-Spine? | AP Axial, Oblique, Lateral and special view |
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