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Ms Liz ELA REVIEW #2
Terms to know for state tests
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| fiction | text that is made up and includes characters, setting, plot events |
| figurative language | a phrase that means something besides its literal (actual) meaning: could be a simile/metaphor or idiom ex. That quiz is a piece of cake. |
| first -person narrator | a narrator that uses I, me, my, our, us, we to tell a story |
| second-person narrator | you/your not normally used to tell stories |
| third-person narrator | limited (one character's point of view revealed) or omniscient (all-knowing narrator) Usually shown via third-person pronouns: s/he, him/her, they/them |
| flashback | characters remember earlier events during a story that reveal key elements from the past |
| formal language | standard English--no slang or casual language |
| free verse | a poem that does not have to follow rhyme or rhythm; no meter constraints |
| functional text | a text that provides info/instructions to help people perform tasks |
| idiom | a common phrase where the literal meaning does not match the figurative meaning ex. It is raining cats and dogs outside. |
| independent clause | a simple sentence; a complete thought that includes a subject and a verb |
| lyric poem | a short poem that is like a song |
| metaphor | a type of figurative language that compares two things or ideas without using the words 'like' or 'as' |
| mood | the overall atmosphere/emotion of a story that affects the reader |
| tone | the author's attitude when writing the story |
| narrator | a person who tells the story; usually s/he describes an event/series of events that happen |
| narrative writing | writing about real or imagined experiences including characters, plot, setting, etc. Usually meant to entertain the reader |
| nonfiction | TRUE, factual writings about REAL people, places, events, ideas, etc. Also called INFORMATIONAL text |
| opinion | a positive or negative view based on personal judgement; a belief that cannot be proved true |
| opposing argument/claim | found in a persuasive text; an opposite viewpoint than the one the author gives |
| paraphrase | retell someone else's ideas in your own words |
| personification | giving non-human objects human-like qualities |
| poem | type of writing in which the poet chooses words to create a strong feeling through meaning, sound, rhythm or FREE VERSE |
| point of view (POV) | how the story is told--the viewpoint from which the story is told (first/ second/third-person) |
| persuasive language/writing | words or phrases used to affect how a reader thinks/acts |
| plot | events in a story i usually involves a character who solves a problem or attains a goal |
| poem | a genre of writing using lines and stanzas not sentences and paragraphs; usually creates strong meaning through sound and rhythm of the words |
| precise language | words that clearly explain the information presented--DETAILS |
| prewriting | the first step of the writing process--brainstorming for topics, details, audience, purpose |
| primary source | a writing by someone who is present when an event is happening ex. journal, diary, |
| secondary source | a writing reporting about an event by a person who did not witness it; usually involves gathering information from primary sources before writing it ex. textbook, essay |
| propaganda | extreme persuasion--sometimes causing fear in the audience |
| redundancy | repetition of ideas or words=BORING! |
| rhyme scheme | the pattern of end rhymes in poetry ex. AA BB AA BB |
| rhythm | a repeated pattern or "beat" of stressed/unstressed syllables in poetry |
| run-on sentence | two or more independent clauses run together without punctuation |
| semicolon | a punctuation mark used to separate two independent thoughts--very impressive |
| sensory details | description that appeals to a reader's sense of sight, feel, taste, smell, and sound |
| sentence fragment | a partial sentence that is missing a subject OR verb |
| speaker | the "voice" of a poem--like a narrator of a story |
| stanza | a grouping of lines in a poem |
| style | the way a story is written--the choice of words and how sentences are put together; like a person who chooses his/her clothing, a writer shows this when she/he writes |
| symbol | a picture or image that represents another idea Ex. a heart= LOVE |
| text feature | a format used to present organized information ex. subtitles, charts, graphs, bolded font ,etc. |
| text structure | the way a text is organized--sequence, time, cause/effect, compare/contrast problem/solution |
| theme | central message or underlying idea behind a story; a nugget of truth |
| thesis statement | a main idea statement for an essay |
| third-person omniscient point of view | a story told where the speaker knows everything |
| third-person limited point of view | a story told ONLY through one person's point of view using he/she/they |
| tone | author's attitude that conveys to the reader to establish a mood |
| topic | what a piece of writing is about |
| topic sentence | a sentence stating the topic of a paragraph |
| transition | a word/phrase that helps writing flow from one idea to another |
| verbal irony | a situation in which a character says the opposite of what s/he means (shows sarcasm or humor) |
| word choice (diction) | words/phrases selected by an author to convey meaning/create a mood |
Created by:
eintreri
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