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Chapter 10
Developing Countries
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The borders of most current African states were drawn by colonial powers according to: | longitude and latitude |
| Countries that are experiencing rapid economic growth and democratization are generally known as_________ countries. | middle income |
| Why might the commonality of authoritarian regimes the developing world fail to suggest high levels of autonomy, even though on the surface it appears that this should be the case? | These regimes often lose their independence through corruption to groups that exploit them as a resources. |
| Countries that are experiencing weak economic and political development are known as _____________ countries. | lower income |
| A system wherein a state extends its power in order to directly control territory, resources, and people beyond its borders is known as: | imperialism |
| The term for the physical occupation of a foreign territory through military force, businesses, or settlers is: | colonialism |
| Which of the following was the initial, primary cause of capacity in postcolonial countries? | the absence of a professional bureaucracy |
| Which of the following best describes modernization under imperialism in most colonial states? | incomplete transition between Western and traditional institutions |
| Which of the following best describes social identities in places under imperial control? | Neither strong national nor strong, specific ethnic identities were present before imperialism. |
| Inequality under imperialism was exacerbated by: | imperial obsessions with forefronting racial differences |
| Which of the following statements about the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals (MDG) program is accurate? | Lack of proper, comprehensive data collection has left wide disagreement over whether or not the program has been a success |
| Some observers of less-developed countries use the term ________ to describe the unequal economic relationships between those countries and advanced democracies in the modern postcolonial era. | "neocolonialism" |
| Which of the following is a component of import substitution, an economic strategy followed by many developing countries in the post-World War II era? | poor enforcement of intellectual property rights |
| The concept of a "hothouse economy" is associated with: | import substitution |
| South Korea is among the Asian countries that pursued an export-oriented strategy known as: | the product life cycle |
| Tariff and nontariff barriers are key tools most important to which economic strategy? | import substitution |
| Import substitution is most closely related to which of the following political-economic systems? | mercantilism |
| Many countries in Asia discarded import substitution and opted for a form of economic development after World War II known as: | export-oriented industrialization |
| Policies supported by the IMF and World Bank to increase economic liberalization in less-developed countries are often referred to as the: | Washington Consensus |
| Policies that require countries to privatize state-run firms, end subsidies, reduce tariff barriers, shrink the size of the state, and welcome foreign investment are sometimes known as: | structural adjustment programs |
| Which of the following can be said about the effects of imperialism on gender roles? | It is difficult to generalize about the effects on gender roles, but in many countries imperialism likely made gender roles more fixed. |
| Organized life outside of the state that is often seen as critical to democracy and political stability is known as: | civil society |
| Which postcolonial region currently suffers the lowest rankings on the Human Development Index? | Africa |
| The untaxed, unregulated, and unprotected sector of the economy is known as the ________ economy. | informal |
| A small country has applied for membership in an economic union. Before membership is granted the ruling body of the union requires that the applicant state reduce its budget deficit to a specific percentage of GDP. | conditionality |
| One recent innovation to help alleviate poverty in poorer countries through small loans to small businesses is known as: | microcredit |
| In comparing the development of postcolonial countries, which of the following pairs of factors have shown strong correlation with each other? | abundant natural resources and weak economic development |
| One of the major criticisms of microfinance or microcredit is that: | the loans do not help grow businesses that can hire employees. |
| Which of the following might be a Washington Consensus policy recommendation to a less developed country that would be opposed by a supporter of import substitution policy? | reducing state power |
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eadsh15