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A&P2 Ch 24
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Olfactory receptors and taste buds are: | chemoreceptors |
| Olfactory epithelium consists of: | epithelial support cells, basal cells, and cilia |
| Sweet, sour, and bitter are all _____ taste sensations | primary |
| Nerve impulses responsible for the sensation of taste are carried in what three cranial nerves? | VII, IX, and X |
| _____ requires the chemical response of a dissolved substance for a stimulus | Olfaction |
| The transmission pathway for olfactory sensations is as follows: | olfactory cilia, olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, thalamic and olfactory centers of the brain |
| the _____ is a structure of the middle ear | incus |
| the auditory tube connects the: | middle ear and the nasopharynx |
| the only structure of the inner ear concerned with hearing is the: | cochlear duct |
| otoliths are: | ear stones |
| the neuronal pathway of hearing begins at the: | cochlear nerve |
| dynamic equilibrium depends on the functioning of the: | crista ampullaris |
| the sense organs responsible for the sense of balance are located in the _______ and _________ | vestibule and semicircular canals |
| The membranous labyrinth is filled with _____ | endolymph |
| The correct order of the auditory ossicles from deep to the tympanic membrane is ____, _____, and _____ | malleus, incus, and stapes |
| If the hairs of the organ _____ are damaged, nerve deafness results - even if the vestibulocochlear nerve is healthy | Corti |
| Movement of the tympanic membrane from sound waves initiates vibration of the ____ ____ | auditory ossicles |
| vertigo essentially means _____ | sensation of spinning |
| From superficial to deep, the three layers of tissue that compose the eyeball are: | sclera, choroid, retina |
| the anterior portion of the sclera is called the: | cornea |
| the neurons of the retina, in order in which they conduct impulses are: | photoreceptor neurons, bipolar neurons, ganglion neurons |
| all of the axons of ganglion neurons extend back to an area of the posterior eyeball called the: | optic disk |
| the _____ cavity contains the vitreous body | posterior |
| the white of the eye is called the _____ | sclera |
| the function of the lacrimal gland is to: | secret aqueous humor |
| accommodation of the lens for near vision necessitates: | increased curvature of the lens |
| people whose acuity is worse that 20/200 after correction are considered to be: | legally blind |
| an intrinsic eye muscle is the: | iris |
| mucous membrane, is also called _____ | mucosa |
| what are the two types of eye muscles? | extrinsic and intrinsic |
| are the muscles associated with the eye voluntary or involuntary? | voluntary |
| _____ is a highly contagious eye infection | conjunctivitis |
| is corneal tissue avascular or vascular? | avascular |
| Deficiency of blue-sensitive photopigments is the ____ form of color blindness | rarest |
| the opening and separation of opsin and retinal in the presence of light is called ____ | bleaching |
| The ____ is the incomplete innermost coat of the eyeball in that it has no anterior portion | retina |
| refraction means: | "the deflection of bending of light rays" |
| Does a person with strabismus usually have double vision? | No |
| what does strabismus mean? | cross-eye, or squint |
| inherited bone disorder that impairs conduction causing structural irregularity | otosclerosis |
| "ringing in the ear" | tinnitus |
| middle ear infection | otitis media |
| sensation of spinning | vertigo |
| progressive hearing loss associated with aging | presbycusis |
| chronic inner ear disease characterized by progressive nerve deafness and vertigo | Meniere disease |
| nearsightedness | myopia |
| an irregularity in the cornea | astigmatism |
| "pink eye" | conjunctivitis |
| chlamydial conjunctivitis | trachoma |
| cloudy spots in the eye lens | cataracts |
| often caused by diabetes mellitus | retinopathy |
| farsightedness | hyperopia |
| "night blindness" | nyctaopia |
| loss of only the center of the visual field | scotoma |
| excessive intraocular pressure caused by abnormal accumulation of aqueous humor | glaucoma |
| where are the specialized mechanorecptors of hearing and balance located | inner ear |
| The organ of Corti is he sense organ of what sense? | hearing |
| where are taste sensations interpreted? | cerebral cortex |
| an eye physician is an: | ophthalmologist |
| the white of the eye is called the _____ | sclera |
| ____ is activated by chemoreceptors | gustatory cells |
| the retina contains microscopic receptor cells called _____ and _____ | rods and cones |
| which two involuntary muscles make up the front part of the eye? | iris and ciliary muscle |
| the external ear consist of the: | auricle and external acoustic meatus |
| the _____ membrane separates the middle ear from the external ear | tympanic |
| Glaucoma may result from a damaged _____ | retina |
| with the condition of ____, the eye lens loses its elasticity | prebyopia |
| the crista ampullar is is located in the: | ampulla of each semicircular duct |
| _____ occurs when images are focused in front of the retina rather than on it | myopia |
| light enters through the pupil, and the size of the pupil is regulated by the ____ | iris |
| the retina is the inner most layer of the eye and contains structures called ____ | rods |
| the olfactory receptors are ____receptors | chemical |
| Meissner's corpuscle is a _____ corpuscle | tactile |
| the ____ provides information related to head position or acceleration | macula |
| Olfactory cells are what kind of free nerve ending | chemoreceptors |
| ______ stimulated by chemicals dissolved in the saliva | Chemoreceptors |
| what are the five taste sensations? | sour, sweet, bitter, umami, and salty |
| Middle ear ‒ Three auditory ossicles: | Malleus (hammer), Incus (anvil), Stapes (stirrup) |
| The _____ is attached to the inner surface of the tympanic membrane. | malleus |
| Opening from the external acoustic meatus is covered with the _____ membrane | tympanic |
| Stapes fits into this opening | oval window |
| window covered by a membrane | round window |
| involved with hearing | cochlea |
| The bony _____ is made up of the vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular canals. | labyrinth |
| Divides the cochlea into the scala vestibuli, and the scala tympani | Cochlear duct |
| Roof of the cochlear duct | Vestibular membrane |
| Floor of the cochlear duct | Basilar (spiral) membrane |
| Rests on the basilar membrane | Organ of Corti |
| Sound waves strike the _____ membrane, causing vibrations | tympanic |
| _____ ______ is the ability to sense the position of the head relative to gravity or to sense acceleration or deceleration. | Static equilibrium |
| _____ nerve fibers conduct impulses to the brain and produce a sensation of the position of the head and also a sensation of a change in the pull of gravity. | Vestibular |
| The _____ ______ consists of structures that secrete tears and drain them from the surface of the eyeball. | lacrimal apparatus |
| The ______ is the tough, white, fibrous tissue of the eyeball | sclera |
| The _____ is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. | choroid |
| The _____ is made up of an outer layer of pigmented epithelium and an inner layer of nervous tissue in the eye | retina |
| The cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous body are the _____ media of the eye. | refracting |
| _____ is abnormal convergence. | Strabismus |
| how many types of cones are present in the retina? | three |
| ______ cones are often called S cones (for “short” wavelengths). | Blue-sensitive |
| ______ cones are often called M cones for “medium” wavelengths. | Green-sensitive |
| ______ cones are called L cones for “long” wavelengths. | Red-sensitive |
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