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A&P2 Ch 22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Somatic motor and autonomic pathways share what three things? | direction of impulse conduction, effectors located outside the CNS, and acetylcholine as a possible neurotransmitter |
| Within the sympathetic chain ganglion, the preganglionic fiber may | synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron, send an ascending branch through the sympathetic trunk, or pass through chain ganglia and synapse in a collateral ganglion |
| beta receptors bind with: | norepinephrine |
| what are three examples of sympathetic stimulation? | decreased secretion of the pancreas, constriction of the urinary sphincters, and dilation of skeletal muscle blood vessels |
| "fight or flight" physiologic changes include: | increased conversion of glycogen to glucose, increased perspiration, and dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscles |
| the enteric nervous system is a specialized part of the ANS that controls visceral effectors in the ____ ____ | gut wall |
| many _____ effectors are dually innervated | autonomic |
| the sympathetic division is also called the _____ _____ | thoracolumbar division |
| the _____ division is the dominant controller of the body at rest | parasympathetic |
| _____ responses are usually widespread, involving many organ systems at once | sympathetic |
| each efferent autonomic pathway is made up of ____ ____, ____ and ____ | autonomic nerves, ganglia, and plexuses |
| _____ neurons conduct impulses from the brain stem or spinal cord to an autonomic ganglion | preganglionic |
| sympathetic ganglia located a short distance from the spinal cord are known as ____ ganglia | collateral |
| some postganglionic axons return to a spinal nerve by way of a short branch called the gray _____ | ramus |
| axon terminals of autonomic neurons release either acetylcholine or _____ | norepinephrine |
| in the sympathetic division, preganglionic neurons are relatively _____ and postganglionic neurons are relatively _____ | short, long |
| norepinephrine affects visceral effectors by first binding to _____ receptors in their plasma membrane | adrenergic |
| the effect of a neurotransmitter on any postsynaptic cell is determined by the _____ | characteristics of the receptor |
| a _____ receptor is a main type of cholinergic receptor | nicotinic |
| the action of acetylcholine is _____ terminated when hydrolyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase | quickly |
| Both _____ and _____ divisions are tonically active, meaning they continually conduct impulses to autonomic effectors | Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| _____ impulses inhibit effectors and _____ stimulate effectors | parasympathetic inhibit and sympathetic stimulates |
| Autonomic centers function in a hierarchy in their control of the ANS, with the highest ranking being the autonomic centers in the ____ ____ | cerebral cortex |
| The _____ system plays a crucial role in maintaining blood pressure | sympathetic |
| The _____ division dominates during "rest and repair" | parasympathetic |
| autonomic nervous system | regulates body's involuntary effectors |
| autonomic neurons | efferent neurons that make up the ANS |
| preganglionic neurons | conduct impulses between the spinal cord and a ganglion |
| visceral effectors | tissues to which autonomic neurons conduct impulses |
| sympathetic system | division of ANS |
| somatic nervous system | voluntary actions |
| dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the: | gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord |
| another name for the parasympathetic nervous system is: | craniosacral |
| constricts pupils | parasympathetic control |
| bronchial relaxation | sympathetic control |
| increases sweat secretion | sympathetic control |
| increases secretion of digestive juices and insulin | parasympathetic control |
| constricts blood vessels | sympathetic control |
| slows heartbeat | parasympathetic control |
| relaxes bladder | sympathetic control |
| increases epinephrine secretion | sympathetic control |
| increases peristalsis | parasympathetic control |
| contracts ciliary muscle to accommodate near vision | parasympathetic control |
| The autonomic nervous system (ANS) has ______ and _____ components | afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) |
| Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, a preganglionic fiber may synapse with sympathetic _____ neuron | postganglionic |
| Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, a preganglionic fiber may send ascending or descending branches through the _____ ____ to synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia | sympathetic trunk |
| Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, a preganglionic fiber may pass through one or more chain ganglia without _____ | synapsing |
| _____ _____ neurons have cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem or lateral gray columns of the sacral cord; they extend a considerable distance before synapsing with postganglionic neurons. | Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons |
| Adrenergic fibers release _____ | norepinephrine |
| Cholinergic fibers release ______ | acetylcholine |
| Epinephrine stimulates ______ receptors | adrenergic |
| Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are _____ active | tonically |
| Dually innervated effectors continually receive both _____ and _____ impulses, and the summation of the two determines the controlling effect. | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| The autonomic nervous system does not function autonomously, as its name suggests; it is continually influenced by impulses from the so-called _____ _____ | autonomic centers |
| The major function of the sympathetic division is to serve as an _____ system (the “fight-or-flight” reaction). | emergency |
| _____ stimulates digestive gland secretion and increases peristalsis by stimulating the smooth muscle of the digestive tract. | Acetylcholine |
| _____ and ______ can act to maintain the normal functioning of doubly innervated autonomic effectors | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| These are clusters of neurons located at various levels in the brain whose axons conduct impulses directly or indirectly to autonomic preganglionic neurons | autonomic center |
Created by:
alucero