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A&P2 Ch 20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| From superficial to deep, what is the correct order of location of the meninges? | Dura mater, arachnoid, membrane, pia mater |
| The falx cerebri separates the: | two hemispheres of the cerebrum |
| the cerebrospinal fluid resides in the: | subarachnoid space |
| The layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bones is the: | dura mater |
| Formation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs mainly in the: | choroid plexuses |
| The lateral ventricles are located within the: | cerebrum |
| CSF is absorbed into the venous blood via the: | arachnoid villus |
| CSF can be found in what three places? | central canal, sunarachnoid space, and third ventricle |
| The four large, fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called _____ | ventricles |
| _____ transmits impulses of crude touch and pressure | anterior spinothalamic tract |
| _____ transmits impulses of subconscious kinethesia | spinocerebellar tract |
| _____ transmits impulses of crude touch, pain, and temperature | lateral spinothalamic tract |
| _____ transmits impulses of discriminating touch and kinethesia | fasiculi gracilis and cuneatus |
| _____ transmits impulses that control voluntary movement of muscles on the same side of the body | anterior corticospinal tract |
| _____ facilitates head and neck movement related to visual reflexes | tectospinal tract |
| _____ helps maintain posture during skeletal muscles movements | reticulospinal tract |
| _____ transmits impulses that control voluntary movements of muscles on the opposite side of the body | lateral cortrcospinal tract |
| _____ transmits impulses that coordinate body movements and maintenance of posture | rebrospinal tract |
| what are the three parts of the brain stem? | medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain |
| what are three components of the midbrain? | cerebral peduncles, corpora quadrigemina, and superior colluculi |
| The internal white matter of the cerebellum is the: | arbor vitae |
| The part of the brain that secretes releasing hormones is the: | hypothalamus |
| Regulation of the body's biological clock and production of melatonin is preformed by the: | pineal body |
| The central sulcus divides the: | frontal lobe and parietal lobe |
| The part of the cerebrum integral to consciousness is: | the reticular activating system |
| commissural tracts compose the: | corpus callosuom |
| Emotions involve the functioning of the cerebrums _____ _____ | limbic system |
| the type of brain wave associated with deep sleep is: | delta |
| the _____ is the second largest portion of the brain | cerebellum |
| What are two main functions of the cerebellum? | Planning and coordination of skeletal muscles activity and maintaining balance in the body |
| The shallow grooves of the cerebrum are called _____ | sulci |
| the islands of gray matter inside the hemispheres of the cerebrum are called the _____ _____ | basal ganglia |
| What are the two pathways that produce sensations of touch and pressure? | medial lemniscal and spinothalamic pathway |
| Axons from the anterior gray horn of the spinal cord terminate in the: | skeletal muscle |
| Absence of reflexes is indicative of injury to: | lower motor neurons |
| _____ results in flaccid paralysis via destruction of anterior horn neurons | poliomyelitis |
| _____ tracts are more complexed than pyramidal tracts | extrapyramidal |
| An inherited form of dementia in which the symptoms first appear between 30 and 40 years of age: | Huntington disease |
| A hemorrhage from or cessation of blood flow to the cerebral vessels, which destroys neurons: | Cerebrovascular accident |
| A degenerative disease that affects memory, generally developing during the middle to late adult years and causing characteristic lesions in the cortex: | Alzheimer's disease |
| Recurring or chronic seizure episodes involving sudden bursts of abnormal neuron activity: | epilepsy |
| The portion of the brain stem that joins the spinal cord to the brain is the _____ | medulla |
| what are the functions of the brain stem? | sensory, motor, and reflex |
| what are the three parts of the diencephalon? | thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland |
| what part of the brain helps in the association of sensations with emotions, as well as aiding in the arousal or alerting mechanism? | thalamus |
| what are the functions of the cerebrum? | language, consciousness, memory, and conscious awareness of sensations |
| the area of the cerebrum responsible for the perception of sound lies in the _____ lobe | temporal |
| visual perception is located in the _____ lobe | occipital |
| what are the functions of the cerebellum? | maintains equilibrium, helps produce smooth coordinated movements, and helps maintain normal posture |
| the largest section of the brain is the _____ | cerebrum |
| The ____ ____ separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum | falx cerebelli |
| the _____ space contains a significant amount of cerebrospinal fluid | subarachnoid |
| CSP is found within the subarachnoid space around the ____ and ____ ____ | brain and spinal cord |
| the dorsal nerve root is also called the: | posterior nerve root |
| the fibers of the ____nerve root carry sensory information into the spinal canal | dorsal |
| the fibers of the ____ nerve root carry motor information out of the spinal cord | ventral |
| ______ are located in the gray matter core of the spinal cord | interneurons |
| ______ tracts conduct impulses up the cord to the brian | ascending |
| _____ tracts conduct impulses down the cord from the brain | descending |
| the functions of the _____ _____ tracts include crude touch, pain, and temperature | lateral spinothalamic |
| the functions of the ____ ____ tracts are crude touch and pressure | anterior spinothalmaic |
| what are the six divisions of the brain? | Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, cerebellum, diencephalon, and cerebrum |
| very often, the medulla, pons, and midbrain are referred to collectively as the _____ | brainstem |
| what are the pyramids? | Two buldges of white matter located on the ventral side of the medulla |
| what are functions of the cerebellum? | controls skeletal muscles to maintain balance, controls posture, and controls cardiac function |
| impulses travel from the cerebellum to both the _____ and _____ and to coordinate movements to produce the intended action | cerebrum and muscles |
| the main components of the diencephalon are the _____ and _____ | thalamus and hypothalamus |
| Dumbell-shaped mass of grey matter made up of many nuclei | thalamus |
| the diencephalon is located between the ____ and the _____ | cerebrum and midrain |
| Voluntary movements on the opposite side of the body are the _____ corticospinal tracts | lateral |
| voluntary movements on the same side of the body are the functions associated with the _____ corticospinal tracts | anterior |
| the function of the _____ tracts is maintaing posture during movement | reticulospinal |
| the functions of the ______ tracts include transmitting impulses that coordinate body movements and maintenance of posture | rubeospinal |
| the _____ tracts control head and neck movements during visual reflexes | tectospinal |
| the _____ tracts control the coordination of posture and balance | vestibulospinal |
| the _____ _____ is the reflex center for all spinal reflexes | spinal cord |
| the spinal reflex centers are located in the _____ _____ of the cord | gray matter |
| Plays two parts in the mechanism responsible for sensations | Thalamus |
| Plays a part in the mechanism responsible for emotions by associating sensory impulses with feelings of pleasantness and unpleasantness | Thalamus |
| Plays a part in the arousal mechanism | Thalamus |
| Plays a part in mechanisms that produce complex reflex movements | Thalamus |
| The ______ forms the floor of the third ventricle and the lower part of the lateral walls. | hypothalamus |
| one function of the _____ synthesizes hormones secreted by posterior pituitary and plays an essential role in maintaining water balance | hypothalamus |
| the ______ plays a crucial part of the mechanism regulating appetite and maintaining normal body temperature. | hypothalamus |
| the _____ _____ Produces melatonin as a “timekeeping hormone” | pineal gland |
| the ____ ____ ____ functions as the arousal system for the cerebral cortex | reticular activating system |
| which side of the cerebral hemisphere contains speech centers in approximately 90% of the population | left |
| in 10% of the population, speech centers are contained in which side of the hemispheres | right or both hemispheres |
| The ____ _____ is also known as the “emotional brain.” Anger, Fear, and Sorrow | limbic system |
Created by:
alucero