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GEOS 220 Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An updraft that develops a rotational circulation is a distinguishing characteristic of a | supercell thunderstorm |
| In the United States, thunderstorms are most frequent in | central Florida |
| By convention, the mature stage of the life cycle of a thunderstorm cell begins when | precipitation first reaches Earth's surface |
| Appearance of a flat anvil top indicates that the developing thunderstorm cloud (cumulonimbus) has reached a(n) ______ portion of the atmosphere | extremely stable |
| The ______ of the life cycle of a thunderstorm cell is characterized by mostly updrafts | towering cumulus stage |
| A mesoscale convective complex (MCC) | All the above. is not associated with a front, usually covers a large area, perhaps the size of a state, is primarily a warm-season phenomenon |
| A squall line usually forms | in the mT air along or ahead of a cold front |
| Thunderstorm cells associated with a fast-moving, well-defined cold front | All the above. may be severe, often occur as a squall line parallel to and ahead of the front, often form an elongated cluster parallel to the front |
| A feature sometimes present in thunderstorms that may prolong the mature stage is (are) | a tilted updraft |
| Microbursts are particularly dangerous for aircraft on takeoff or landing because they trigger | wind shear |
| Less than ______ of all thunderstorms produce tornadoes | 1% |
| The traditional tornado alley is | Texas-Oklahoma-Kansas-Nebraska-South Dakota |
| Tornadoes are most likely to develop in the ______ sector of an intense extratropical cyclone | southeast |
| In the United States, the months of peak tornado activity are | April, May, and June |
| Of the nearly 1300 or so tornadoes that strike the United States each year, perhaps ______ will be rated EF5 | only 1 |
| A hurricane differs from a mature extra tropical cyclone in that a hurricane | All the above. has no fronts, develops within a uniform warm and humid air mass, is more intense but smaller, is a warm-core system |
| Sustained surface winds in a hurricane are | 119 km per hour (74 mph) or higher |
| Fair skies and light winds are typical of which part of a hurricane? | eye |
| A hurricane is approaching your location along the North Carolina coast from the southeast. Within hours, the wind changes from very strong onshore to calm. This means that | the eye is overhead and the other half of the system is yet to come |
| The minimum latitude where the Coriolis Effect is strong enough to sustain a hurricane circulation is at least ______ degrees | 5 |
| Most Northern Hemisphere hurricanes occur | from June through November |
| The first sign that a hurricane may be developing over tropical seas is the appearance of | an organized cluster of cumulonimbus clouds |
| When sustained winds in an intensifying tropical disturbance reach 37 km per hr or higher, the storm system is called a | tropical depression |
| The horizontal air pressure gradient is ______ in a hurricane than in a typical extratropical cyclone | steeper |
| Historically, the most destructive aspect of a hurricane striking a low-lying coastal area is | storm surge |
| Hurricanes dissipate when | All the above. they move over colder ocean water, they move over land, the upper flow is no longer supportive |
| In the United States over the 30-year period from 1970 to 1999, the majority of tropical cyclone-related fatalities was due to | inland freshwater flooding |
| As a hurricane tracks inland, its | all the above. winds diminish, central pressure rises, rains continue and may be heavy, horizontal pressure gradient weakens |
| In the United States, tornadoes are most often triggered by | extratropical cyclones |
| Tropical cyclone formation requires a sea-surface temperature of at least 80 F through an ocean depth of at least ______ meters | 45 |
| When occurring in the Atlantic Ocean they are known as hurricanes. What are they known as when occurring in the western Pacific? | typhoons |
| What general circulation wind belt is the place of origin for hurricanes? | trade winds |
| What is the current air temperature represented on the station model shown above? | 75 degrees Farenheit |
| What is the current wind direction represented on the station model shown above? | SW |
| The current sea level air pressure represented on the station model shown above is | 1010.5 mb |
| Which of the following upper air maps is most useful for observing the details of the polar jet stream? | 300-mb map |
| An ensemble forecast is produced by | running one model several times with slightly different initial conditions |
| The current conditions in your location are sunny with a temperature of 85°F. Based on these observations, you forecast that in a few hours, it will be sunny with a temperature in the mid 80s. What kind of forecast have you issued? | a persistence forecast |
| These satellites circle the earth in a north-to-south direction, and obtain images of the entire Earth twice a day by drifting about 15 degrees westward over the earth's surface during each orbit. | polar satellites |
| These satellites were placed in orbit over the equator and remain fixed over a point on Earth because they keep pace with the earth's rate of rotation | geostationary satellites |
| These types of images are views of the earth the way an astronaut would see our planet from space | visible images |
| How can a satellite "see" water vapor in the atmosphere? | The satellite is capable of sensing the wavelength of radiation typically emitted by water vapor |
| ________ weather forecasting is an area that relies heavily on statistical averages obtained from past weather events (climatic data) | Longe range |
| Generally there are three stages involved in the development of air mass thunderstorms. They are | cumulus stage, mature stage, and dissipating stage. |
| In the United States, a mesoscale convective complex is most likely to develop in | the Great Plains |
| Tornadoes most often move toward what direction? | northeast |
| The Enhanced -Fujita Intensity Scale (EF-scale) is applied to | tornadoes |
| What causes the winds of a hurricane to be so fast? | very strong pressure gradient force |
| At what time of day is an air-mass thunderstorm more likely to develop? | midafternoon |
| The gust front occurs | at the leading edge of a thunderstorm downdraft |
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