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bio 104 chapter 21
bio final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a plant's new cells come from areas called ____________, which are regions of high mitotic activity. | meristems |
| conducting cells in phloem are responsible for transporting _______________ | sugar |
| in plants, primary growth adds to the _______________ | root tips and shoot tips |
| shoot that support the leaves of a plant | stem |
| produce carbohydrates by photosynthesis of a plant | leaves |
| undeveloped tissue at the shoot tip of a plant | terminal bud |
| events of phloem transport | sugar enter a sieve tube by active transport, water enters the sieve tube by osmosis, pressure pushes the solutes toward the sink, sugars are unloaded at cells that do not photosynthesize, water moves out of the sieve tube by osmosis |
| a netlike, branching pattern of veins is characteristic of _______ leaves, and longitudinal, parallel veins are characteristics of _________ leaves. | eudicot; monocot |
| the vegetative parts of a plant do not participate directly in ___________ | reproduction |
| common components of phloem sap | water, sugars, minerals |
| cells are produced that increase the length of root and shoot tips | apical meristem |
| cells are produced that increase the thickness of roots and stems | lateral meristem |
| ___________ bonds between water molecules produce the cohesive properties of water that account for xylem sap movement | hydrogen |
| the _________ meristems cause secondary plant growth | lateral |
| water and minerals are transported in a plant by a vascular tissue called__________ | xylem |
| cell types that make up the majority of ground tissue in plants | parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma |
| vascular tissues | xylem and phloem |
| control opening and closing of stomata | guard cells |
| humid conditions | stomata tends to be open |
| dry condition | stomata ten to be closed |
| the organ system of plants called the ________ system consists of the aboveground part of a plant | shoot |
| in a plant stem, __________ are stem areas between the points where leaves attach | internodes |
| primary growth, which lengthens shoots and roots, is produce by the _________ meristems, which are located near the tips of roots and shoots | apical |
| describe a taproot system | enlarged primary root, maximize support for the plant, present in most eudicots, absorb minerals and water from deep in the soil |
| leaves are made up of a flattened __________ supported by a stalklike petiole | blade |
| the solution in a plant containing sugar, water, minerals, amino acids, hormones, and other chemicals is called _____________ sap | phloem |
| what type of tissue moves minerals and water from the root to all parts of the plant | xylem |
| functions of vascular tissue | transport materials between roots and shoots, support tall growth |
| macronutrients: essential nutrients required by plants in large amounts | magnesium, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus |
| relationships between plant roots and fungi called __________ increase a plant's ability to absorb water and minerals | mycorrhizae |
| soybeans have root nodules that contain __________ bacteria, which convert nitrogen to a form that plants can use | nitrogen-fixing |
| what increases the rate of transpiration | wind, low humidity, high temperatures |
| as water molecules _________ the mesophyll of the leaf, water from the veins take its place and water is pulled up the ___________. | evaporate from; xylem |
| carries out photosynthesis | parenchyma |
| provides elastic support for growing stems | collenchyma |
| provide inelastic support for non growing plant parts | sclerenchyma |
| what is absorbed from the soil by plant roots | water and minerals |
| the waxy cuticles that coats the epidermis of plants | helps the plant conserve water |
| the _________ meristems cause secondary plant growth | lateral |
| three main tissue systems in plants | ground, vascular, dermal |
| what process pulls water up a plant? | transpiration |
| _______________ are chemicals that are required by plants and that are vital for metabolism, growth, and reproduction | essential nutrients |
| tuber when photosynthesis is producing few sugars in the plant, developed leaf | source |
| tuber when photosynthesis is producing abundant sugars in the plant, developing leaf bud | sink |
| parenchyma, sclereids, sieve tube elements, and tracheas are types of | plant cells |
| the increase in grit of stems and roots in woody plants is referred to as _______ growth | secondary |
| in the stems of most __________, vascular bundles are scattered throughout ground tissue | monocots |
| most eudicots develop ______ systems, which grow ____________ | taproot; fast and deep |
| if their is more water outside of the leaf, transpiration | slows or stops |
| according to the explanation of phloem transport in a plant, phloem moves under _______ from sources to sinks | positive pressure |
| a plant part that produces or releases sugars is called a __________, whereas a plant part that does not photosynthesize is called a _____________ | source, sink |
| the walls of the root's _________ cells contain a waxy, waterproof material that prevents the passive diffusion of substances into the xylem | endodermis |
| monocot root system | shallow, fibrous, prevent erosion |
| the cohesion-tension theory is based upon the cohesive properties of __________ and explains how xylem sap moves | water |
| three macronutrients that account for 96% of the dry weight of a plant | hydrogen, oxygen, carbon |
| totes of the root cap | lubrication, gravity sensing, protection from abrasion |
| there are ___________ elements that are essential nutrients for plants | 16 |
| modified __________ store nutrients (as in onion clubs), provide protection (as in cactus spines), and attract animals (as in flowers). | leaves |
| ground tissue is responsible for ________ | photosynthesis |
| plants that can grow indefinitely by adding modules have a(n) ___________ pattern of growth | indeterminate |
| plants with a tough, woody covering and bark are classified as | woody plants |
| xylem sap contains a dilute solution of ________ with dissolved mineral | water |
| the ground tissue inside a leaf is called ___________, which is composed mostly of parenchyma cells often separated by large air spaces | mesophyll |
| a __________ leaf is one that is divided into leaflets, either all attached at one point or paired along the petiole | compound |
| possible functions of _________ include starch storage (as in beets and carrots), water storage (As in desert plants), and gas exchange (as in swamp plants) | roots |
| while closing stomata helps prevent the loss of too much water in plants, it also reduces the rate of ___________ because CO2 cannot enter the plant through the stomata | photosynthesis |
| tracheids and vessels are water-conducting cells found in | xylem |
| plants, obtain their C, O, and H atoms from what | atmosphere, water |
| what cells deliver water and minerals to mesophyll cells in leaves | xylem |
| monocots | corn, rice, lawn grasses, orchids |
| this type of plant tissue is responsible for storage, photosynthesis, and respiration | ground |
| eudicots | chili peppers, sunflowers, elm trees |
| carbohydrates made during photosynthesis move from the _________ cells of the leaf (where photosynthesis occurs) to the phloem's companion cells, then to sieve tube elements | mesophyll |
| the cork cambium produces_________ tissue, which covers the woody stem and root | cork |
| when can xylem transport occur | when the soil contains moisture, when stomata are open |
| a ring of vascular tissue surrounds a central core (pith) in a ________ root, whereas a single vascular cylinder is located at the core of a _______ root | monocot, eudicot |
| plants that connect to the vascular tissue of other plants and remove water, minerals, and sugars are known as ________ plants. | parasitic |
| an axillary bud can remain dormant or develop into a ________ | branch or flower |
| _____________ is found in the center of a eudicot stem | pith |
| the ___________ produced during photosynthesis are transported by the phloem to non photosynthetic cells, which cannot produce their own food | carbohydrates |
| process drives water movement in plants | transpiration |
Created by:
Abby Whitman