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Anatomy ch. 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The cells, tissues, and organs Ductless Secrete directly into the bloodstream | Endocrine glands |
| Other glands that secrete substances Have ducts Deliver to a specific site | Exocrine glands |
| A cell that has receptors for specific molecules | Target cell |
| Is a molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell | Hormone |
| Regulate metabolism Function in growth production & development Regulate water & electrolyte balance & regulate blood pressure | Hormone functions |
| Release hormones into the bloodstream to specific target cell receptors | Endocrine glands |
| Nervous system nuerotransmitter | Acetylcholine |
| Chemical signal in endocrine system | Hormones |
| Endocrine system | Glandular epithelium Hormone Receptors on target cell |
| Major endocrine glands | Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Adrenal glands Pancreas Ovaries Testis |
| Hormones are released into | Extracellular spaces surrounding endocrine cells |
| Hormones then diffuse into | The bloodstream & are carried to all parts of the body |
| Always bind to receptors on a target cell membrane | Non-steroid hormones |
| They diffuse thru the cell membrane & then bind to receptors afterwards | Steroid/steroid-like hormones |
| Sex hormones & adrenal cortex hormones | Steroid/steroid-like hormones |
| Amines Proteins Peptides Glycoproteins | Non-steroid hormones |
| Releasing hormone Lnrh | Luteinizing hormone |
| Are used to increase muscle strength | Steroids |
| Used to enlarge muscle size | Growth hormone |
| Increase rbc level; increases oxygen delivery production, causes increased endurance | Erythropoietin |
| Are not stored anywhere, are paracrine substances, are not stored in cells but synthesized just before release, rapidly inactive, can activate or inhibit adenylate Cyclades, controls cAMP production | Prostaglandins |
| Relaxes smooth muscle in airways of lungs and blood vessels, contracts smooth muscles in the uterus causing contractions during labor, inhibits HCL production in the stomach wall, promotes inflammation after tissue injury | Prostaglandin functions |
| When skeletal muscles are not contracting: the removal of ACH from the neuromuscular junction will: | Stop skeletal muscle contractions |
| How we measure hormones; time it takes for 50% of the hormone to be used | Half-life |
| If half life is 10 minutes, what's happens after 10 minutes? | Half of the hormone will be removed -50% |
| Hypothalamus, nervous system, and changing level of substances in plasma are: | Control centers |
| In each case, an _____ ______ of the system controlling it senses the concentration of the hormone the gland secretes; or the process the hormone controls, or the action it has on the internal environment | Endocrine gland |
| Pituitary gland consists of two distinct portions | Anterior love and posterior lobe |
| Pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus by the | Pituitary stalk |
| Stimulates cells of _________ to release hormones ( hypothalamic releasing hormone) | Anterior lobe |
| Neurosecretory cells extending from hypothalamus release hormones into the bloodstream of ______ | Posterior lobe |
| Posterior lobe is made up of cells called: | Pituiticytes |
| Posterior lobe secretes | ADH & Oxytocin |
| Anterior lobe secretes | GH, TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH, & Prolactin |
| Each anterior lobe hormone is released in response to | A releasing hormone from the hypothalamus |
| Anterior lobe hormones are | Growth hormone Prolactin Thyroid-stimulating hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone |
| Somatoropes; stimulates growth | Growth hormone |
| Responsible for milk production | Prolactin |
| Controls secretion of thyroid hormones | Thyroid stimulating hormone |
| Ganadotropes in females only | Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone |
| In males only | ICSH |
| Hormones coming from anterior pituitary need | A releasing hormone |
| Males have ICSH instead of | LH |
| Proteins stimulate so's to enlarge and more rapidly divide | Growth hormones |
| Peak during sleep at night and is only measured during sleep | Growth hormone levels |
| Three functions of growth hormone or | Enhances movement of amino acids into cells Increases the rate of protein synthesis Increases rate of fat metabolism |
| Prevents too much urine production prevents diuresis | ADH |
| Lack of ADH | Diabetes insipidus |
| Important in regulating concentration of body fluids by reducing water excreted by the kidneys | ADH |
| Contracts smooth muscle and uterine wall during childbirth | Oxytocin |
| A hormone is a ______ & the target sell is ______. | Molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell A cell that has receptors for specific hormones |
| Secretions that affect only nearby cells are turned | Paracrine |
| Exocrine gland's differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine gland | Secrete through ducks or tubes to the bodies exterior |
| A sweat gland is an example of | Exocrine gland |
| Endocrine means | Internal secretion |
| The specificity of hormone action derives from | Target so receptors that are unique for each hormone |
| Hormones | All of the above |
| Compared to the nervous system the endocrine system | May have a longer-lasting effect |
| A non-steroid hormone acts on a target cell by | Causing synthesis of a second messenger |
| Hormones that the posterior pituitary secretes are the synthesized in the | Hypothalamus |
| Controls hormone concentration | Positive feedback |
| Tropic hormones | Stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones |
| Nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete | Antidiuretic hormone |
| Growth hormone | All of the above |
| Which hormones primarily affects the reproductive organs | Follicle-stimulating hormone |
| Target cells for releasing hormones are in the | Anterior pituitary gland |
| Which hormones require a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for it secretion | Prolactin |
| Another name for antidiuretic hormone is | Vasopressin |
| Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate that alcohol has | Inhibited secretion of ADH |
| Diabetes insipidus is caused by | ADH deficiency |
| Oxsee Tosun is in minister to women following childbirth to stimulate | |
| Uterine contractions | |
| Which of the following statements is correct with respect to T3 and T4 | T3 is more potent |
| One of the hallmarks of graves disease is | Goiter |
| Secretes triiodothyronine | Thyroid gland |
| Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate is skinny and has protruding eyes these are symptoms of | Hyperthyroidism |
| Steroid hormones | All of the above |
| True or false The nervous system releases hormones at synapses and the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream | False |
| True or false Steroid hormones diffuse through cell membranes then bind with receptors where as non-steroid hormones find receptors on the target cell membrane | True |
| True or false The target cells for thyrotropin are found in the thyroid gland | False |
| True or false Prolactin is primarily responsible for the release of breast milk after childbirth | True |
Created by:
Meganmommy15