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Earth Interior
Science HT 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| To study Earth's interior, geologist often rely on indirect methods, such as fossils. | False (seismic waves) |
| The transfer of heat by the movement of heated fluid is called conduction. | False (convection) |
| Alfred Wegener provided evidence from land-forms, fossils, and climate in support of his theory of the shrinking earth. | False (Continental Drift) |
| Pressure increase from Earth's surface toward the center of the Earth. | True |
| Oceanic crust near the mid-ocean ridge is younger than oceanic crust farther away from the ridge. | True |
| Along a divergent boundary, two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions. | False (Transform) |
| Mantle material rises in convection currents because heated materials become more dense, | (False) less |
| Along the Mid-Atlantic ridge, the North American plate and the Eurasian plate are moving apart at a very slow rate. | True |
| The outermost layer of Earth is called the mantle. | False (crust) |
| Plate movements drive the process of erosion by pushing rock back into the mantle, where it melts and becomes magma again. | False (rock cycle) |
| Each major group of rocks follow only one pathway in the rock cycle. | False (Many pathways) |
| Granite is an ingenious rock made up of the minerals quartz, mica, feldspar, and hornblende | True |
| Particles of minerals called grains give a rock its texture. | True |
| Igneous rocks that formed beneath Earth's surface are extrusive rocks. | False (Intrusive) |
| High Pressure can change an igneous rock rock into a sedimentary rock | False (metamorphic) |
| The most common extrusive rock is basalt. | True |
| The small particles of rock or the remains of living things that make up sedimentary rocks are called cement. | False (Sediment) |
| Rocks made up of broken pieces of other rocks are called clastic rocks. | True |
| A metamorphic rock that has grains arranged in bands is said to be nonfoliated. | False (foliated) |
| When continental plates pull apart at a divergent boundary on land, a ________ forms. | rift valley |
| The part of the mantle called the ____ is made of soft rock that bends like plastic. | asthenosphere |
| In the mantle, heat is transferred as soft rock flows slowly in cycles know as ___ | convection currents |
| Earthquakes produce ____ that travel through Earth. | seismic waves |
| When you touch a hot plate, the transfer of heat from the plate to your hand is called ____. | conduction |
| The hypothesis of _____ was that all the continents once were joined as a single super-continent and have since drift apart. | Continental Drift |
| To support his hypothesis, Alfred Wegener provided evidence from ____, traces of ancient organisms preserved in rock. | fossils |
| The energy from the sun that warms your face is transferred by a process called ___. | radiation |
| The process of ___ continually adds a new crust to the ocean floor along both sides of the mid-ocean ridge. | sea floor spreading |
| two of Earth's plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, along a ___ boundary. | transform |
| ___ is a rock with a fine, dark texture that makes up the oceanic crust. | Basalt |
| The lithosphere is broken into sections called ___ which float on top of the asthenosphere. | plates |
| The formation of volcanoes and mountain ranges can be explained by the theory of ___ | plate tectonics. |
| A continental plate collides with an oceanic plate at a ____ boundary. | convergent |
| The ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle in a process known as ____. | subduction |
| Wegener believed that the continents had once been joined in one landmass called ___. | Pangea |
| Scientists think that the ____, made of liquid iron and nickel moves to produce Earth's magnetic field. | outer core |
| Geologist learn about Earth's interior by studying _____ which move through Earth. | seismic waves |
| A series of processes known as the _____ slowly changes rocks from one kind to another kind. | rock cycle |
| The uplift, folding, and faulting that moves rocks through the rock cycle are caused by movements of Earth's tectonic ___. | plates |
| The texture of slate is said to be ____ because its mineral particles can be seen only with a microscope. | limestone |
| In the rock cycle, melted rock from the ____ moves upward with oceanic plates move apart. | mantle |
| An igneous rock that is formed from lava is called a ____ rock. | extrusive |
| Dissolved minerals and particles of sediments stick together to form sedimentary rock in a process called ____. | cementation |
| As layer upon layer of sediments are deposited, the process of ___ presses them together. | Compaction |
| Foliated and nonfoliated are terms used to describe the texture of ____ rocks | metamorphic |
| During the 1800's, the igneous rock called ____ was widely used in the U. S. to build bridges and public buildings. | granite |
| Chemical reactions, pressure, and ___ can cause sedimentary rock to change to metamorphic rock | heat |
| Coal is an example of an ____ rock, a sedimentary rock that forms where thick layers of plat and animal remains are deposited. | organic |
| Metamorphic rocks such as marble and quartzite are said to be ____ b/c their mineral grains are not arranged in parallel layers or bands. | nonfoliated |
| Sediment settle out of moving water by the process of ____ | deposition |
| When seas of lakes evaporate, a type of sedimentary rock called ____ rock can form. | chemical |
| The carrying away of rock fragments by water, wind, or ice is called ____, an important process in the formation of sedimentary rock. | erosion |
| The sedimentary rock called ___ is used in making cement. | limestone |
| Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things are called ___ | sediment |
| Earth's solid inner core is surrounded by the hot, molten metal of which layer? | the outer core |
| The asthenosphere is part of which layer of Earth? | the mantle |
| Pressure increases with depth toward the center of Earth. In which layer would you expect pressure to be the greatest? | the inner core |
| According to the theory of plate tectonics, which layer of the earth is broken into seperate sections called plates? | Lithosphere |
| Which layer of Earth is made up paetly of cust and partly of mantle material? | Lithosphere |
| See picture of Study Guide.... Based on the diagram, describe one of the major differences between oceanic crust and continental crust. | The continental crust is thicker. |
| See Diagram on study guide.... Which type of plate boundary occurs at X? | divergent |
| See Diagram on study guide.... What feature occurs at Y, and how does it form? | An ocean trench is forming. two places of different densities are colliding. The oceanic crust is denser and plunges beneath the continental crust, forming a trench. |
| See Diagram on study guide.... What is happening at Z? | The edge of plate B is plunging beneath plate C and meling in the mantle. |
| See Diagram on study guide.... Identity the three plates in the diaram and name the materials that make up each plate? | Plate A and B are made of oceanic crust and lithosphere. Plate C is made of continental crust and lithosphere. |
| See Diagram on study guide....What type of plate boundary occurs at Y? | covergent |
| See Diagram on study guide....what feature occurs at X and how does it form? | At X, the mid-ocean ridge occurs along a boundary between two oceanic plates. The plates are moving apart, causing molten material to repeatedly rise from the mantle, erupt, and harden as solid rock along the center of the ridge. |
Created by:
JWScarborough