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Head & Neck.4
Ch 3 - 2nd half-Skeletal system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 67. Is the occipital bone paired or single? With what bones does it articulate? | *single *articulates with the parietal, temporal, & sphenoid bones & the first cervical vertebra (the atlas) |
| 68. What are the curved and smooth paired projections on the occipital bone that are lateral and anterior to the foramen magnum? Also, with what do they articulate? | *occipital condyles *have a movable articulation w/ the atlas |
| 69. What is the four-sided plate on the occipital bone that is anterior to the foramen magnum? What is its midline projection? | *basilar portion *pharyngeal tubercle |
| 70. What are the paired openings in the skull that are anterior and lateral to foramen magnum on the occipital bones? | *hypoglossal canals |
| 71. What is the part of the occipital bone that forms the medial portion of the jugular foramen? | *jugular notch of the occipital bone |
| 72. What bone forms the forehead and the superior portion of the orbits? Also, with what bones does it articulate? | *frontal bone *articulates with the parietal bones, speenoid bone, lacrimal bones, nasal bones, ethmoid bone, zygomatic bones & maxillae |
| 73. Name the location of the frontal sinuses. | internally on the frontal bone |
| 74. What are the curved elevations over the superior portion of the orbit? On what bone are they located? Also, at what age and gender are they more prominent? | *supraorbital ridges *frontal bone *more prominent in adult males |
| 75. When palpated, what bony demarcation causes patient discomfort and is located on the medial portion of the curved elevations superior to the orbit? | supraorbital notch |
| 76. What landmark is located between the curved elevations superior to the orbits? What does it correspond to on the surface features of an adult and child? | *glabella *frontal eminence |
| 77. What projection is located on the frontal bone that is lateral to the orbit? | zygomatic process of the frontal bone |
| 78. What depression is located just inside the lateral portion of the supraorbital ridge? In life, what did it contain? Also, what did it produce? | *lacrimal fossa *lacrimal gland *lacrimal fluid (tears) |
| 79. What bones are paired and articulate with each other at the sagittal suture? Also, with what other bones do they articulate? | *cranial bones *articulate with the occipital, frontal, temporal & sphenoid bones |
| 80. What bones form the lateral walls of the skull? With what bones do they articulate? Also, of what three portions are they composed? | *paired temporal bones *each temporal bone articulates w/one zygomatic & one parietal bone, the occipital & sphenoid bones & the mandible *squamous portion, tympanic portion, petrous portion |
| 81. What bones and their specific portions form the zygomatic arch of the face? | squamous portion of the temporal bone forms the zygomatic process of the temporal bone which forms a portion of the zygomatic arch |
| 82. What is the landmark on the inferior portion of the temporal bone that is part of the articulation of the temporomandibular joint? | articular fossa |
| 83. What landmark on the temporal bone is anterior to the articulation portion of the temporomandibular joint? Which one is posterior? | *articular eminence *postglenoid process |
| 84. What bony demarcation is located posterior to the articulation portion of the temporal bone through which the chorda tympani nerve emerges? | petrotympanic fissure |
| 85. What large, roughened projection of the temporal bone is posterior to the external acoustic meatus? Of what is it composed? Also, for what purposes does it serve? | *mastoid process *air spaces or mastoid air cells *to communicate with the middle ear cavity |
| 86. What bony demarcation on the large, roughened projection of the temporal bone posterior to the external acoustic meatus is medial? What bony demarcation is inferior and medial? | *mastoid notch *styloid process |
| 87. What is the opening on the temporal bone that carries the facial nerve? Why is it named as such? | *stylomastoid foramen *it’s named for its location between the styloid process & mastoid process |
| 88. What single cranial bone is both midline and complex and contains the superior orbital fissure, foramen ovale, foramen rotundum, and the foramen spinosum? | sphenoid bone |
| 89. Name the specific portion of the bone where the sphenoid sinuses are located. | on the body of the sphenoid bone it articulates posteriorly with the basilar portion of the occipital bone. |
| 90. What cranial bone is single, in the midline of the skull, and adjoins the vomer at its inferior and posterior border? Also, with what other bones does it articulate? | *ethmoid bone *articulates with the frontal, sphenoid, lacrimal & max. bone |
| 91. In relation to the cribriform plate, where is the perpendicular plate? What midline nasal feature does it help form? | *it crosses the horizontal cribriform plate *nasal septum |
| 92. In what specific location are the ethmoid sinuses? | in the lateral mass of the ethmoid |
| 93. What is the vertical midline continuation of the perpendicular plate into the cranial cavity? What is its function? | *crista galli *serves as an attachment for layers covering the brain |
| 94. What part of the orbit does the orbital plate of the ethmoid bone form? Where is its location in relation to the nasal conchae? | *medial orbital wall *medial to the nasal conchae?? |
| 95. What single facial bone forms the posterior portion of the nasal cavity? With what bones does it articulate? Also, what portion is free of any bony articulation? | *vomer *articulates with ethmoid bone, nasal cartilage, palatine bones and maxillae *posteroinferior border |
| 96. What paired facial bones are irregular thin plates of bone that form a small portion of the anterior medial wall of the orbit? | paired lacrimal bones |
| 97. Where is the nasolacrimal duct located? What function does it serve? | *formed at the junction of the lacrimal & maxillary bones *lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal gland is drained through this duct into the inferior nasal meatus |
| 98. What paired facial bones form the bridge of the nose? To what opening in the skull are they superior? Also, with what bones do they articulate? | *nasal bones *superior to the piriform aperture *articulate with frontal bone superiorly & maxillae laterally |
| 99. What pair of facial bones project off the maxilla to form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity? Of what type of bone are they composed? Also, with what bones do they articulate? | *inferior nasal conchae *spongy bone *articulate with ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine, & maxillary bone |
| 100. What pair of facial bones forms the cheek bones? With what bones do these bones articulate? | *zygomatic bones *articulate w/ frontal *temporal *sphenoid *maxillary |
| 101. What bone and its specific portions form the anterior lateral orbital wall? | *frontal process of the zygomatic bone |
| 102. What bone and its specific portions form the infraorbital rim? | maxillary process of the zygomatic bone |
| 103. What skull bone could be considered a facial bone and consists of a horizontal and vertical plate? Also, with what bones do they articulate? | *palatine bones *articulate w/each other & the maxillae & sphenoid bone |
| 104. What plates contribute a small lip of bone to the orbital apex? | vertical plates of the palatine bones |
| 105. State the usual location of the greater and lesser palatine foramina. To which canals are they related? | *greater-located posterolateral region of palatine bones, at the apex of the max. 3rd molar & lesser is near the greater *both are opening of the pterygopalatine canal |
| 106. With which bones does the upper jaw articulate? | *frontal *lacrimal *nasal *interior nasal conchal *vomer *sphenoid *ethmoid *palatine *zygomatic |
| 107. What specific portion of the upper jaw contains the maxillary sinuses? What are its surfaces? | *body of the maxilla *orbital *nasal *infratemporal *facial surfaces |
| 108. What portion of the upper jaw forms a portion of the medial orbital rim? What other bones are involved in this formation? | *frontal process of the maxilla *frontal & lacrimal bone |
| 109. What landmark separates the upper jaw from the sphenoid bone? | inferior orbital fissure |
| 110. What is the groove in the floor of the orbital surface? What canal does it become? | *infraorbital sulcus *becomes infraorbital canal |
| 111. What is the single opening on the facial surface of each upper jaw side that is a landmark for a dental block and causes a mild ache when palpated? | infraorbital foramen |
| 112. What landmark on the upper jaw is posterosuperior to the roots of the maxillary canine teeth? | canine fossa |
| 113. What bone covers each tooth of the upper jaw? | facial ridge of bone—portion of the alveolar process of the maxilla |
| 114. Is the facial bone of the upper jaw more or less dense than the lower jaw’s facial bone? | less dense |
| 115. What opening is located on the anterior midline portion of the palatine process? Also, what clinical landmark is present over it? | *incisive foramen *incisive papilla |
| 116. What landmark is on the posterior portion of the upper jaw and has a rounded, roughened elevation? What perforates it? | *maxillary tuberosity *posterior superior alveolar foramina |
| 117. What bone is the only freely movable bone of the skull? | mandible |
| 118. What is the faint ridge on the external surface of the lower jaw midline? | mandibular symphysis |
| 119. What is the bony prominence of the chin? | mental protuberance |
| 120. What is the opening on the external surface of the lower jaw that is typically between the apices of the first and second mandibular premolars? | mental foramen |
| 121. What is the heavy horizontal portion of the lower jaw inferior to the mental foramen called? | body of mandible |
| 122. What portion of the lower jaw contains the roots of the teeth? | alveolar process of the mandible |
| 123. What is the stout, flat plate of the lower jaw? From what does it extend upward and backward? Also, what is the term for its anterior border? | *ramus *it extends from the body of the mandible on each side *coronoid process |
| 124. What is the concave forward curve on the anterior border of the lower jaw that serves as a landmark for a dental block? | coronoid notch |
| 125. At what bony demarcation does the ramus join the body of the mandible? | external oblique line |
| 126. What depression is located between the coronoid process and the condyle of the mandible? | mandibular notch |
| 127. What are the small midline projections on the internal surface of the mandible? What is their function? | *genial tubercles *muscle attachment area |
| 128. What is the rounded, roughened area on each lateral edge of the mandible that is just posterior to the most distal molar? | retromolar triangle |
| 129. What landmark is located on the medial surface of the body of the mandible? What is its function? | *mylohyoid line (or internal oblique ridge) *point of attachment of the mylohyoid muscle that forms the floor of the mouth. |
| 130. What shallow depression is located just inferior to the posterior mandibular teeth? Which similar depression is superior to the anterior portion of the mylohyoid line? | *submandibular fossa *sublingual fossa |
| 131. What is the opening on the internal surface of the ramus and to what canal is it connected? | *mandibular foramen *mandibular canal |
| 132. What bony demarcation on the mandible serves as an attachment for the sphenomandibular ligament? | lingula |
| 133. What groove is near the mandibular foramen? | mylohyoid groove |
| 134. What is the triangular depression on the anterior surface of the condyle? | pterygoid fovea |
| 135. Discuss what happens to the sinuses when they become involved with allergies or infections, or both. | headache, foul-smelling nasal or pharyngeal discharge, fever & weakness |
| 136. What is an abnormal hole in the wall of the sinus? Why does it occur? | *perforation *can occur with infection |
| 137. How does each frontal sinus communicate with and drain into the nasal cavity? Where does it drain? | *(by constricted canal) frontonasal duct *drains into the nasal cavity |
| 138. How does each sphenoid sinus communicate with and drain into the nasal cavity? Where does it drain? | *through an opening superior to each superior nasal concha *drains into the nasal cavity |
| 139. Where do the posterior ethmoid air cells open? Where do the middle and anterior ethmoid cells open? | *superior meatus of nasal cavity *middle meatus |
| 140. Describe the shape of each maxillary sinus and their specific portions. | *pyramid-shaped sinuses w/apex, three walls a roof & a floor |
| 141. What can clinically happen because the maxillary sinus is in direct contact with the mucosa of the maxillary sinus? | *secondary sinusitis *perforation during infection, trauma related to max post. teeth |
| 142. How does the maxillary sinus drain and how does the position of the ostium relate to infection? | *drains into the middle meatus on each side *prolonged sinusitis because ostium is higher than floor of sinus cavity |
| 143. Which fossa is flat and fan shaped on the lateral surface of the skull? Also, what bones make up its area? | *temporal fossa *zygomatic, frontal, greater wing of the sphenoid, temporal & parietal bones |
| 144. What are the boundaries of the temporal fossa? | *S & P-inferior temporal line *Ant-frontal process of zygomatic bone *M-surface of temp. bone *L-zygomatic arch *I-infratemporal crest of greater wing of sph. bone |
| 145. What is located in this fan-shaped depression on the lateral surface of the skull? | the body of the temporalis muscle & area blood vessels & nerves |
| 146. What fossa is located inferior to the anterior part of the temporal fossa? | *Infratemporal fossa |
| 147. What are the boundaries of the infratemporal fossa? | S-greater wing sphen. bone A-max. tuberosity, M-lat. pterygoid plate, L-ramus of man. & zygom. arch, I & P-no bony bound. |
| 148. What fossa of the skull is a cone-shaped depression between the pterygoid process and the maxillary tuberosity? | pterygopalatine fossa |
| 149. Which cervical vertebra articulates with the skull? | atlas (first cervical vertebra) |
| 150. Which cervical vertebra is characterized by a den? With what does it articulate? | *axis (second cervical vertebra) *dens articulates w/anterior arch of the first cerv. vertebra |
| 151. What bone is suspended in the neck and forms the base of the tongue and larynx? What function does it serve? Also, what are its specific portions? | *hyoid bone *muscle attachment important for mastication, swallowing & speech *body of hyoid, greater & lesser cornu |
| 152. Name some normal variations of bone in the orofacial region that involve bony enlargement. | palatal or mandibular tori |
Created by:
rio salado