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muscular systems
muscles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| muscle cells | muscle fibers |
| slow twitch fibers | dark meat; legs of chicken |
| fast twitch fibers | white meat; breast of chicken |
| isotonic muscle contraction | same tension but length changes |
| isometric muscle contraction | tension changes but length does not |
| muscle tone does what | keep head up and back straight |
| two types of muscle contractions | isotonic & isometric |
| anaerobic | without oxygen |
| aerobic | within oxygen |
| four major muscle functional characteristics | contractility excitability extensibility elasticity |
| fascia | located outside of the epimysium and separates muscles |
| epimysium | skeletal muscles surrounded by connective tissue sheath |
| perimysium | surrounds the fascicle |
| fascicle | the composition of a muscle in bundles; bundles of muscle fibers |
| endomysium | surrounds each fiber |
| two major kinds of protein fibers | actin & myosin |
| sarcomeres | actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units which are joined end to end to form the myofibril |
| extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | ability to recoil |
| contractility | ability to shorten with force |
| excitability | responds to a stimulus |
| tendon | attaches muscle to bone |
| ligament | attaches bone to bone |
| motor neurons | carry action potentials to muscle fibers |
| action potential | brief reversal back of the charge |
| resting membrane potential | charge difference across the membrane |
| synaptic cleft location | between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| acetylcholine | presynaptic terminal contains synaptic vesicles that secrete a neurotransmitter |
| Z line | attachment site for actin |
| A band | extends the length of myosin; the darker central region |
| I band | located on each side of the Z line ; consist of actin |
| origin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | undergoes the greatest amount of movement |
| belly | between the origin and insertion |
| points of attachment of each muscle | origin and insertion |
| what are the origin and insertion connected to? | to bone by tendons |
| tetany | where the muscle remains retracted without relaxing. |
| recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated |
| threshold | point at while muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| muscle contraction occurs when | actin and myosin myofilaments slide past each other causing the sarcomere to shorten |
| ATP stands for | adenosine triphosphate |
| ATP is produced where | mitochondria |
| ATP is not stable (true or false) | true |
| nomenclatures of muscles are descriptive in what ways | they tell size, shape, location, origin, insertion, function, etc. |
| synergists | muscles that work together |
| antagonist | muscles that work opposite of each other |
| prime mover | among synergist if one muscle plays a major role in accomplishing a desired movement |
| Orbicularis oris | puckers lips |
| Buccinator | flattens cheeks |
| Orbicularis oris and buccinator are | kissing muscles |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscles |
| Levator labii superioris | sneering |
| Depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles: | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| Mastication | chewing |
| Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | shape |
| Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | movement |
| Neck Muscle | Sternocleidomastoid |
| lateral neck muscle and prime mover | sternocleidomastoid |
| Trunk Muscles | Erector spinae |
| External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration. |
| Internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration. |
| Diaphragm | Dome-shaped muscle. Aids in breathing |
| linea alba | tendinous area of the abdominal wall |
| rectus abdominis is located here | On each side of the linea alba |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| Deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb |
| intrinsic hand muscles | 19 hand muscles |
| Interossi muscles | located between the metacarpals, are responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers |
| Gluteus maximus | buttocks. |
| Sartorius | flexes the thigh |
| Hamstring muscles | posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
| Gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscle. |
Created by:
taracoriell0171
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