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dental instruments
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| shaft or handle | used to grasp the instrument; supplied in various weights, diameters, and surfaces that may be smooth or serrated |
| shank | connects the handle to the working end; sometimes called the instrument neck |
| working end | also called blade or nib; rounded end is the toe, pointed end is the tip |
| armamentarium | dental instrument set up used for most procedures |
| mouth mirror | used for reflection, retraction, and visual observation |
| explorer | a sharp, flexible, pointed instruments used to detect caries and calculus, to explore restorations, surfaces and furcations, to make location marks, and to pick up cotton points or materials |
| cotton forceps | tweezer-like pinchers used to transport materials to or from the mouth |
| periodontal probe | a longer pointed instrument with measured marks on the tip; used to assess depth of tissue pockets |
| expro | double-ended instrument with a diagnosing probe tip at one end and an explorer tip at the other end |
| pen-probe | a double-ended instrument with a probe-marking tip on one end and a pen on the opposite end |
| scaler | thin-bladed hand instrument with pointed tip and two cutting edges; used to scale (scrape off) hard deposits from teeth |
| sickle scaler | sharp blade in the shape of a sickle; used to remove calculus from tooth surfaces |
| curette | round-tipped thin blade with a longer neck and two cutting edges; used to remove subgingival deposits, and termed universal curette |
| implant scaler/curette | non-metalic, resin-tipped instrument, designed to remove deposits around titanium implant abutments |
| periodontal knife | hand instrument with flat-bladed incision tip of various shapes and angles; used to remove or recontour soft tissue |
| scalpel | handle for attachment of blades of assorted sized and shapes; used to incise (cut into) or remove tissue; also used in specialized dental procedures |
| excavator | hand instrument with long-necked, cup-like, sharp-edged blades; used to remove soft decayed tissue from preparations; also may be called spoon excavator |
| gingival margin trimmer | hand instrument with long, slender, curved, flat blade; used to break away enamel margins during tooth preparations |
| hoe | smaller bladed instrument with a tip resembling a farm hoe; used to break or pull away enamel tissue during preparations |
| hatchet | hand instrument with a sharp-edged, hatchet-like tip; used to remove hard tissue |
| cleoid/discoid carver | double-ended, long-necked carving instrument with a pointed tip on one end (cleoid) and a disc-shaped blade on the other end (discoid); used to carve anatomy features in newly placed restorations, or can be used in remove decay and tooth tissue |
| carver | thin-bladed hand instrument used to remove decay or carve newly placed restorative material; blade faces come in various shapes; a popular type is the hollenback |
| plastic filling instrument (PFI) | hand instrument with a flat blade; used to carry, transfer, and pack materials, or to carve restorative material |
| condenser | hand instrument with a thick, rounded or oval shaped, flat head that is sometimes serrated, it is used to pack or condense restorative material into the cavity preparation |
| burnisher | hand instrument with a smooth, rounded or oval shaped, flat head that comes in various shapes; used to smooth out restorative material or other metal surfaces, such as a matrix strip |
| beaver-tail burnisher | a burnisher with a beaver tail-shaped blade extending from the round nib or tip; used to smooth and carve restorative material while in the plastic, pliable shape, and to apply medication such as Dycal to a cavity preparation |
| amalgam carrier | hand instrument with holding cylinder for the transfer of amalgam material while in a plastic form; has a spring lever pusher to expel the material into the preparation |
| matrix holder, matrix strip and wedge | holder device used to maintain artificial wall (matrix strip) around the tooth preparation. A wooden or resin triangular wedge is used to hold the strip in place and prevent the material from leaking |
| file | hand instrument with a flat blade with serrated edging; used to smooth off and contour restorations or hard surfaces |
| high-volume evacuator (HVE) | curved, metal or resin, beveled tip with a large hole; inserted into a high-evacuation tube system handle with off/on and intensity controls; used for gross removal of fluids and debris from the mouth |
| saliva ejector tip | smaller suction tip that is inserted into the evacuation tubing from the dental unit; used for steady, constant fluid removal from the oral cavity |
| cuspidor | basin nearby for patients to empty their mouths |
| straight handpiece (SHP) | straight handpiece with no head; instruments are inserted directly into opening and held inplace by engaging the manual or automatic tightening device in the unit's handpiece |
| contra-angle handpiece (CAHP) | handpeice with an obtuse angled head; is inserted into the power unit's straight handpiece and is used to gain access to posterior teeth and difficult areas |
| right-angle handpiece (RAHP) | handpiece with its head set at a 90-degree angle is inserted and connects into the power unit's handpiece; employed in general use throughout the oral cavity |
| prophy angle handpiece (PHP) | small prophylaxis handpiece rotary angle with a 90-degree angle head; has a limited opening in the working end for polishing cups or brush placement |
| fiber optic handpiece | specific slow- or high-speed handpiece that supplies a light source to the operative site for improved vision |
| rheostat | a food petal or lever that is used to regulate the speed of the handpiece |
| air abrasion | air-powered handpiece delivering abrasive aluminum oxide powder or sodium bicarbonate under forve to clean or prepare tooth surfaces or remove some carious tissue |
| ultrasonic handpiece | high-speed vibration scaling tips used for scaling and curettage purposes, sometimes called ultrasonic scaler |
| curing light handpiece | hand-held device that focuses a light beam to cure or "set" specified materials |
| intraoral camera | handpiece with a small camera situated in the head; used to transmit various views of the oral setting |
| electrosurgery handpiece | combination of assorted metal tips that fit into a probe handle; these tips pass electrical currents that incise and coagulate the blood in a surgical procedure |
| laser handpiece | photon handpiece that emits a precise light-energy wavelength that is concentrated to perform specialized tasks |
| caries detection scanner | a non-invasive laser scan that detects early decay in occlusal areas |
| implant drilling unit | lighted, digitally control drilling handpiece with sterile irrigation; used to smooth alveolar bone, drill operative sites, and install implants |
| shank | the end of the bur that is inserted into the handpiece |
| neck | connecting area between the shank and the working end or head of the bur |
| working end or head | end that cuts tissue or works on the tooth or material involved |
| dentated | dented, depressed |
| truncated | cut part off, lop off |
| friction-grip bur | smooth-ended bur, held in the handpiece by the friction grip chuck |
| latch-type bur | has grooved insertion bur end that hooks into the head of an RA handpiece |
| straight handpiece | has a smooth, extended shaft that fits directly into the straight handpiece; available in mini, regular, or surgical lengths |
| mandrel | a slim, metal holding device that fits into slow handpieces and is used to smooth and cut |
| stone, wheel, and discs | abrasive or chemically treated discs, wheels, cups, and points with various shapes that can be mounted permanently or glued on a shaft or placed on mandrels |
| grit | abrasiveness |
| diamond rotary instruments | commonly called burs or points; used to cut, smooth, and reduce tissues; they follow the same numbering patter and color coding as steel burs |
| bur block | a tray device used to hold the small rotary instruments during use at the chair and while being sterilized; may be metallic or resin and have or not have a cover |
| operatory | small treatment room equipped with dental appliances |
| dental chair | chair appliance, usually electrically powered, that raises, lowers, and tilts to provide easy access and proper vision; may be lounge or upright chair style |
| operatory light | viewing light for patient care; may be wall-mounted, on a floor stand, lowered from the ceiling , or attached to the cair unit |
| stools | movable seats for the dental personnel. stools have height adjustment and back rests. some stools have torso rests extending in front for forward-leaning support |
| dental unit | upright, staionary, or movable, table-style working appliances that provides handpeice power, aspiration, water, and air |
| cabinets | mobile, floor, or wall-mounted storage cabinets with drawer space for supplies and equipment |
| radiographic units | various configurations; a dental practice may have a radiographic control unit in a central area with the x-ray head or power source in each operatory area |
| diagnostic or auxiliary units | include perio-pocket detectors, newly developed electronic diagnostic devices used to assist with a patient survey |
| broach | a thin, barbed, wired instrument, inserted into the root canal to ensnare and remove the pulp tissue and any natural or palced matter, such as paper points or cotton pellets |
| reamer | a thin, twisted, sharp-edged instrument inserted into the canal and rotated clockwise to enlarge and taper the root canal |
| file | a thin, rough-edged, instrument used to plane and smooth pulpal walls |
| k-file | has twisted edges and is used to enlarge as well as to smooth walls; color coded to denote size |
| hedstrom file | cone-shaped, twisted-edge instrument used for enlarging and smoothing; nickel titanium alloy files provide more flexibility |
| flex file | stainless steel or nickel titanium alloy file that is stronger and provides more flexibility; used in narrow, curved canals |
| pesso reamer | thicker, engine driven, reamer with larger and longer parallel cutting edges for use in canal openings |
| gates-glidden drills | engine-driven, latch-type burs with flame-shaped tip; used to provide an opening and access |
| paper points | small, narrow, absorbent, paper tips that may be inserted into the obturated canal; used to dry the prep site or to carry medication to the area |
| stopper | a small piece of elastic band or commercial plug that is moved up or down the shaft of the endo instrument; used to mark and indicate the length of penetration |
| rotary burs and stones | friction grip burs with diamond or carbide tips used to gain access through restorations and crowns |
| root canal (endodontic) spreader | longer shank with pointed nib; used to carry and insert cement or filling material |
| root canal plugger | longer-shanked with a flat tipped nib; used to condense and adapt the canal filling material |
| root canal condenser | handled, long-tip instrument that may be heated and used to condense gutta-percha to the canal walls |
| lentulo spiral drill | thin, twisted wire, latch-type rotary instrument used to spread calcium hydroxide or cement tion the canal |
| apex locator machines | are used to determine the proximity of the test file to the root apex and relate the information ro PC board screen during preparation of the canal |
| elextric endodontic handpieces | permit use of instruments at slow speeds for finer instrumentation |
| luer-loc syringe | a barrel-type syringe with piston force plunger, used to inject fluids into the cavity |
| gutta-percha points | tapered points made of a thermoplastic compound; similar in size to silver points, or endodontic instruments, and used to fill the root canal |
| silver points | tapered silver points comparable in size to files and reamers; used to fill canals |
| cement pastes and fillers | zinc oxide and eugenol mixes and commercial materials; used to cement points in canal |
| chemicals | chemical action used in conjunction with operator treatment produce a result termed biomedical action |
| chelator | chemical ion softener |
| desiccant | (dry up, remove) methanol or ethanol alcohol, used to dry the area or clear away other chemical traces |
| medicament | (medicine or remedy) used for antimicrobial action, to prevent pain, and to neutralize the pulpal area |
| forceps | (pincers for seizing, holding, or extraction) instrument made for maxillary or mandibular use |
| scalpel | a small, surgical knife that is used to cut open or excise tissue from a surgical area |
| bone file | heavier and thicker than the file used on tooth and restoration surfaces |
| elevators | device used to raise the tooth; of three types as used in oral surgery |
| periosteal | (concerning the periosteum) used to loosed the periosteum tissue from bone, or detach the tissue around the cervix of the tooth and retract tissue in the surgical site |
| periosteotome | cutting tissue around the bone |
| exolever | (device to raise or elevate) used to elevate or luxate a tooth from its natural socket |
| apical | (pertaining to apex or tip) used to elevate or pick out remains of a fractured root tip |
| hemostat | (device or drug used to arrest blood flow) scissors-style device with a locking joint and serrated beaks; used to clamp off or hold onto and transfer |
| needle holder | similar to a hemostat except that the nose of the instrument is rounded and blunted with serrated criss-crossed edges inside its beaks to assist with holding a needle |
| tissue scissors | longer-handled scissors with a serrated blade edge that is used to grasp and hold the tissue during cutting |
| suture scissors | smaller scissors with one curved, half-moon blade that is inserted under the suture thread during cutting |
| bandage scissors | scissors used to cut materials and dressings during surgery; usually have one longer, blunted blade tip to insert under material |
| rongeurs | (bone cutting) grasp-handled instrument similar to forceps, but with a spring in the handle to provide a "nipping" action |
| aspirating tips | suction tips with longer handles ans narrower tip openings. disposable or metal, they are used to aspirate sockets, deeper throat areas, and surgical sites |
| chisel | device that is longer, thicker, and heavier than tooth chisels; used to chip away bone and to apply force enough to break impacted molar teeth that will be removed in sections |
| mallet | (surgical hammer) device used to apply pressure to chisels |
| tissue retractor | may be hemostat-type device with notched tips to hold tissue or claw-like blade with holding tips; used to retract and hold tissue during surgical procedures |
| cheek retractor | may be bent wire-shaped device or flat, curved handles used to scoop and hold cheek tissue; may be metal or plastic |
| tongue retractor | scissor-type insrtument with longer shaft and padded or serrated edges; used to grasp and hold the tongue |
| mouth prop retractor | small, medium, or large pieces of hard rubber; also called a biteblock |
| suture retractor | (closure) used to close up a wound or incision |
| surgical bur retractor | similar to dental burs but larger in size; used to remove bone, to expose root tips, or to score and devide teeth in preparation for forced sectioning and removal |
| band-remover pliers | used to remove bands from teeth |
| bird-beak pliers | used to bend and shape appliance wires |
| loop-forming pliers | used to form and shape loops in wires |
| Howe pliers | used to make archwire adjustment; sometimes called How pliers |
| three-prong pliers | used to close or adjust clasps |
| contouring pliers | used to contour bands for concave or convex tilt |
| ligature-tying pliers | used to tie or bind off ligature wires and to place elastics |
| arch-forming pliers | used for bending or holding dimensional wires |
| stress and tension gauge | narrow, hand-held instrument with interior 1-oz, and 4-oz. marked sliding; used to measure intraoral forces |
| band seater | rounded, serrated end used to "seat" band onto tooth |
| ligature tucker | straight-handled instrument with claw-like end that is used to guide ligatures and assist with the bending of cut wire edges |
| bracket tweezers | reverse-action, small-ended tweezers used to place direct-bond brackets |
| ligature cutter | used to cut ligature wire, intraorally or extraorally |
| pin and fine wire cutter | used to cut or snip off ends of tied ligature wires |
| Weingart utility plier | used for placing archwires |
| anterior band slitter | used to shear upper and lower bands |
| distal end cutter | used to cut and hold arch wire that was inserted into the buccal tube |
| band pusher | used to push and seat bands onto the teeth |
| ligature director | used to direct and place ligature wires. |
| scaler | hand instrument used to remove excess cement from bands, and to direct wires, bands, and elastics into place |
| direct-bonding bracket holder | used to hold DB's in position during placement |
| edgewise pliers | used to hold or adjust archwires |
| hemostat | scissor-like clamps, straight and curved; used to carry or hold small objects |
| Boone gauge | measuring device used to establish the height of the orthodontic bands |
| bitestick | plastic- or metal-handle instrument with projecting serrated steel area that is used to help "seat" posterior bands |
| protractor | triangular premarked form used to make cephalometric tracing |
| periodontal probe | used to measure the depth of the periodontal pocket by determinging the amount of ginigval tissue attachment |
| periodontal pocket marker | set of instruments similar to tweezers with a sharp point on one tip for insertion into the depth of the pocket and then compressed to make puncture marks indicating pocket depth |
| periodontal knives | used to make incisions to remove tisue or to obtain flap design |
| electrosurgery tips/unit | apparatus using electrical current to incise tissue and coagulate blood at the same time; useful in periodontal flap, tissue grafting, crown lengthening, and other tissue surgeries |
| laser tip/unit | apparatus delivering energy in light form at different wavelengths; can be used in soft or hard tissue curettage surgery when regulated to the specific bacterial target |
Created by:
b_nybabe101