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radiology ch 2,11,12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which electrons have the greatest binding energy? | K-shell |
| Which type of electrical charge does the electron carry? | negative |
| Which term describes two or more atoms that are joined by chemical bonds? | molecule |
| Which statement describes ionization? | atom that loses an electron |
| which term describes the process by which unstable atoms undergo spontaneous disintegration in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state? | radioactivity |
| Which is not a type of particulate radiation? | nucleons |
| Which is not a type of electromagnetic radiation? | electrons |
| Xrays travel at the speed of what? | light |
| Which regulates the flow of electrical current to the filament of the x-ray tube? | low-voltage circuit |
| Which is used to increase the voltage in the high voltage circuit? | step-up transformer |
| Which is the location where xrays are produced? | positive anode |
| which is the location where thermionic emission occurs? | negative cathode |
| which accounts for 70% of all the x-ray energy produced at the anode? | general radiation |
| which occurs only at 70 kV or higher and accounts for a very small part of the xrays produced in the dental xray machine? | characteristic radiation |
| Which describes primary radiation? | radiation that exits the tubehead |
| Which describes scatter radiation? | radiation that has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter |
| an ejected electron is called a what? | compton electron |
| Compton scatter accounts for how much of scatter that occurs in diagnostic radiography? | 62% |
| one of the interactions of x-radiation with matter in which the path of an low-energy x-ray photon interacts with an outer-shell electron. No change in the atom occurs, and an x-ray photon of scattered radiation is produced | coherent scatter |
| x-ray photon collides with a loosely bound, outer-shell electron and gives up part of its energy to eject the electron from its orbit. The xray photon loses energy and continues in a different direction at a lower energy | compton scatter |
| an outer-shell electron that is ejected from its orbit during Compton scatter, this electron carries a negative charge | compton electron |
| an atom consists of a central nucleus composed of? | protons, neutrons, and orbiting electrons |
| the production of ions is termed? | ionization |
| photoelectric effect? | x-ray photon collides with a tightly bound, inner-shell electron and gives up all its energy to eject the electron from its orbit. All the energy of the photon is absorbed by the displaced electron in the form of kinetic energy |
| absorption? | the total transfer of energy from the x-ray photon to the atoms of matter through which the x-ray beam passes. It depends on the energy of the xray beam and the composition of the absorbing mater or tissues |
| scatter radiation? | a form of secondary radiation, results from an x-ray beam that has been deflected from its path by the interaction with matter |
| secondary radiation? | radiation created when the primary beam interacts with matter, it is less penetrating than primary radiation |
| primary radiation? | the penetrating x-ray beam produced at the target of the anode and exits the tubehead |
| general radiation or braking radiation? | a form of radiation that occurs when speeding electrons slow down because of their interactions with the tungsten target in the anode |
| Thermionic emission? | the release of electrons from the tungsten filament when the electrical current passes through it and heats the filament |
| step-down transformer? | a device used to decrease the incoming voltage from 110 or 220 volts to the low voltage required, usually 3 to 5 volts |
| step-up transformer? | a device used to increase the incoming line voltage from 110 or 220 volts to the high voltage required, usually 65,000 to 100,000 volts |
| autotransformer? | a voltage compensator that corrects for minor fluctuations in the current flowing through the xray machine |
| high-voltage circuit? | uses 65,000 to 100,00 volts, provides the high voltage required to accelerate electrons and to generate xrays in the xray tube, and is controlled by the kilovoltage settings |
Created by:
Jlsmom2612