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muscular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are some functions of the muscular system | movement of body parts and organ contents |
| what are some functions of the muscular system | maintain posture and prevent movement |
| what are some functions of the muscular system | communication , opening , body heat |
| function of the epimysium | covers entire muscle belly |
| function of the perimysium | thicker layer , surrounds bundle of fascicle |
| what is endomysium | allows room for capillaries , arreolar tissue |
| Which functional group has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement? | agonists |
| Which of the following muscles is named for its origin and insertion? | sternocleidomastoid |
| Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched? | convergent arrangement of fascicles: fan shaped muscle |
| Most skeletal muscles of the body act in | third-class lever systems |
| The major head flexor muscles are the | sternocleidomastoid muscles |
| The main forearm extensor is the | triceps brachii |
| The ________ muscles compress the cheeks to help keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth while chewing. | buccinator |
| Which is(are) the most important muscle(s) of inspiration (inhalation)? | diaphragm |
| Which of the following is a hamstring muscle? | biceps femoris |
| Which of the following muscles is innervated by the phrenic nerve? diaphragm | diaphragm |
| A reduction in the lateral angle of the glenohumeral joint in relation to the anatomical position would be called | adduction |
| Movement of the shoulder laterally away from the body is called __________. | abduction |
| The prime mover of hip extension is the __________. | gluteus maximus |
| The tensor fascia latae is involved in hip __________. | abduction |
| Muscles that act on the knee joint form most of the mass of the __________. | thigh |
| To allow for flexion, the __________ unlocks the knee joint. | popliteus |
| Prime movers/Agonists (muscles) | - work "leader" - muscles that produce a specific movement **brachialis is the prime mover for forearm flexion |
| Antagonist (muscles) | - work in opposition - muscles that oppose particular movement **triceps brachii is the antagonist for forearm flexion |
| Synergists (muscles) | - work together - muscles that add force to a movement muscles that reduce undesirable or unnecessary movement |
| Naming Rules | Location - Shape of muscles - Relative size of muscle - Direction of muscle fibers - Number of origins (heads) - Location of origins and insertions - Action |
| Epicranius | - front belly and the occipital belly - muscle on top of your cranium |
| Frontal belly | covers the forehead and dome of the skull Origin: galea aponeurotica Insertion: Skin of eyebros Action: raises eye brows and wrinkles forehead skin |
| Occipital Belly | overlies posterior occipital bone; fixes galea oponeurotica Origin: occipital and temporal bones Insertion: galea aponeurotica Action: fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp backward |
| Orbicularis oculi | circular muscle around eye Origin: frontal and maxillary bones Insertion: tissue of eyelid Action: blinks, squints, and draws eyebrows down |
| Orbicularis Oris | circular muscle around mouth Origin: maxilla and mandible Insertion: skin and muscles at angles of mouth Action: closes lips, purses and protrudes lips, kisses and whistles |
| Zygomaticus major and minor | muscles extending diagonally from cheek to corner of the mouth. Origin: zygomatic bone Insertion: skin and muscle at the corner of mouth Action: smiles - brings the corber of the mouth toward the bone |
| Mentalis | V-shaped chin muscle Origin: mandible Insertion: skin of chin Action: protrudes lower lip, wrinkles chin |
| Buccinator | horizontal muscle, DEEP to masseter (buckle cheek area) Origin: molar region of maxilla and mandible Insertion: orbicularis oris Action: draws corber of mouth laterally, compresses cheek, side-to-side movement - not really smiling |
| Platysma | sheet-like superficial neck muscle (turtle neck) Origin: fascia of chest muscle Insertion: lower mandible and corber of mouth Action: depresses mandibles, pulls lower lip back and down |
| Erector spinae | consist of three columns on each side of the vertebrae Action: prime mover of back extension when contract together Action: lateral bending when contract unilaterally **Sit up straight <--uses both sides simultaneously |
| Breathing muscles | Diaphragm, external intercostals (11 pairs), internal intercostals (11 pairs) |
| External intercostals | 11 pairs lie between 12 pairs of ribs Action: elevate rib cage, aid in inspiration, synergists of diaphragm INHALE |
| Internal intercostals | 11 pairs lie between 12 pairs of ribs; deep to external ones Action: depress rib cage, aid in forced expiration **antagonists to diaphragm and external intercostals EXHALE |
| Abdominal area and layers | 1st layer: Medial = aponeurosis; sides = external obliques 2nd layer: Medial = rectus abdominus; sides = internal obliques 3rd layer: Medial = aponeurosis; sides = transverse abdominis |
| external oblique | largest and superficial lateral of the abdominal muscles, fibers run downward and medially Connected to each other through the aponeurosis |
| Internal oblique | deep to external oblique, fibers run upward and medially |
| Transversus abdominis | lateral muscles deep to internal oblique; fibers run horizontally |
| Rectus abdominis | 8 sections, top two can be covered by Pectorals A: flex and rotate lubar region of vertebral column, depress ribs |
| Serratus anterior | Anterior Thoracic cage muscle on the lateral rib cage; deep to scapula. Origin: ribs 1-8 Insertion: anterior surface of scapula Action: prime mover to protract and hold scapula against chest **AKA - Boxer's muscle |
| Trapezius | superficial muscle of posterior thoracic cage Origin: occipital bone, C7 and all thoracic vertebrae Insertion: along acrominon and scapula and clavicle Action: stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates |
| Latissimus dorsi | broad, flat lower back muscle on the posterior thoracic cage Origin: vertebrae and lower ribs Insertion: humerus Action: rotates arm medially; used in swimming and hammering |
| Deltoid | thick, triangular muscle on posterior thoracic cage Origin: clavicle, acromion and scapula Insertion: humerus Action: prime mover of arm abduction <--to move arm out from side. |
| Anterior arm muscles | Biceps Brachii, Bracialis, Brachioradialis |
Created by:
trackamaya