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SCM Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Retailing Options | Brick and Mortar; Online or E-tailing; Bricks and clicks ;Clicks and calls |
| Retailers that are fully committed to engaging customers via catalogs, phone calls, websites, email, internet chat rooms, social media sites or mobile apps, and of course also in stores. | Omni-channel Retailing |
| Retail sources of supply | Manufacturers – These are the companies that create the finished goods; Wholesalers – These organizations purchase goods from manufacturers; Drop shippers – ties manufacturers and/or wholesalers directly to consumers |
| These are effectively penalties charged by retail organizations to their suppliers/vendors for any number of minor and major supply chain offenses. | Chargebacks |
| CPFR | Collaborative, Planning, Forecasting, and Rescheduling |
| A formalized effort by supply chain partners to share data and collectively develop forecasts to reduce supply chain costs through better planning. | CPFR |
| VMI | Vendor Managed Inventory |
| An arrangement where retailers allow vendors to monitor in-store inventories, initiate orders/shipments to the store when inventories are low, and bring the items into the store and onto the shelf. | VMI |
| Refers to the portion of the supply chain between the final inventory holding facility and the end consumer | Last mile |
| Types of Retail ownership | Independents; Chains; Franchises; Cooperatives |
| A series of stores that have common design, construction, and layout | Prototype Stores |
| This retail strategy has retail chains develop rigid control structures to develop and manage processes such that all the retail outlets are managed in the same way. | Rationalized Retailing |
| A map of where every product goes on a retail store shelf. | Planogram |
| Store security issues | Employees; Store Assets; Customers and their Assets; Data |
| Goal of waiting line management | Balance the cost paid by the customers (time) with the cost paid by the company (money paid to maintain the system) |
| Managerial Considerations in Queues | Customers; The Waiting Lines; Employees; Service Facilities |
| When a potential customer sees the line, but never joins the line because they think it looks too long and/or too slow | Balking |
| When a customer joins the line, gets frustrated and leaves the line | Reneging |
| Good supply chains deliver | the right mix of cost, quality, speed, and flexibility to their target market |
| Measuring success--The best supply chains are | effective, efficient, and adaptable |
| Importance of supply chain integration | the only way for supply chain partners to achieve effectiveness, efficiency, and adaptability; requires coordination and communication with the customer. |
| Obstacles to Integration | poor communication, an unwillingness to share, and/or lack of trust between supply chain partners. |
| Bullwhip effect | Stable demand results in a proliferation in the amount of inventory that is carried as one travels upstream in the supply chain |
| Causes of the bullwhip effect | Order Batching; Forward Buying; Rationing; Shortage Gaming |
| The problem is that the infrequent orders leave large communication gaps (uncertainty) for suppliers and suppliers to carry large amounts of inventory so they can be prepared when those large orders are placed | Order Batching |
| Buyers are not buying based on demand, but rather on price. Therefore, true demand is unknown by sellers | Forward Buying |
| suppliers may ration their inventory and send each of their customers only a fraction of the inventory that was ordered. | Rationing |
| If customers feel that this rationing may occur again, customers may try to “game” the system by placing an order larger than their expected demand. | Shortage Gaming |
| Methods for controlling the bullwhip effect | Everyday low pricing ; Vendor Management Inventory; Information sharing between supply chain partners; Develop strong buyer-supplier relationships; Practicing lean manufacturing across the supply chain |
| EDLP | Everyday low pricing |
| Push system characteristics | High finished goods; little opportunity for customization; high holding costs, and poor demand forecasts |
| Pull system characteristics | High raw materials inventory ; poor forecasts |
| A system that combines push and pull - pushing product elements that are considered standard and then allowing customers to pull product elements that can be customized | Postponement |
| Example of postponement | Subway, charge cord |
| Rather than hide from their problems, they would prefer to expose the problems and thus eliminate the threat from becoming an even bigger | Rocks and Water Analogy |
| A production philosophy that strives to meet consumer demand and desires but with minimal inventory levels and minimal supply chain waste | Lean manufacturing |
| Mistake-proofing. Lean companies will find ways to completely eliminate certain types of errors. | Poka-yoke |
| Basic responsibilities of a supply chain | Meet customer demand; contribute to profitability; continuous improvement |
| “Old School American” business philosophy | Push system, copy what the best do, best is always best |
| PROs and CONs of centralizing your warehouses | PRO: lower required stock level, less likely to stock out, warehouse operating costs decrease; CON: distance/responsiveness, transportation costs |
| refers to copyrights, patents, trademarks, and other designations that protect the creative ideas of a company, an artist, or other creator of goods, ideas, and other output. | Intellectual property |
| A strategy where a company moves manufacturing out of its “home” country to another country. | Offshoring |
| When a company contracts an outside firm to perform services, operations, or business processes that could be or were previously performed in-house Contract manufacturers | Outsourcing |
| A strategy where a company utilizes a contractor in another country to perform services and/or operations | Offshoring and Outsourcing |
| it often refers to a type of offshoring or offshoring and outsourcing where the location of the manufacturing facility is relatively close to the location of the consumer. | Near-Sourcing |
| The business behaviors of a manufacturer associated with following the regulations, practices, and other requirements that their clients have established | Manufacturing compliance |
| A process whereby companies examine whether their manufacturing contractors are abiding by the legal and agreed upon regulations, business practices, and other established manufacturing requirements. | Manufacturing audits |
| the physical structures and equipment utilized to move goods. | Infrastructure |
| Governments establish customs agencies to control the goods that enter and leave a country, i.e. imports and exports. | Customs and Regulations |
| C-TPAT | Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism |
| 3PL | Third-Party Logistics company |
| A contractor that performs one or more logistics functions for their client in an effort to facilitate effective and efficient movement in the supply chain. | Third-Party Logistics company |
| A voluntary program developed by US Customs and Border Protection for companies importing goods into the US. | Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism |
| A contractor that helps companies organize the efficient and effective shipment of goods from one point in the supply chain to another. do not actually transport the goods | Freight forwarder |
| A contractor (company or person) that helps a client’s goods clear customs in a foreign country | Customs house broker |
| FTZ | Free Trade Zone |
| A geographic area sanctioned by the government where items are not under the control of customs authorities | Free Trade Zone |
| A series of commercial terms, often depicted as three letter acronyms, established by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) to facilitate communication in commercial transactions. | Incoterms |
| A vital document that provides a reasonable summation of the items being shipped, the parties involved, cargo values, and other information important to supply chain members and customs officials | Commercial invoice |
| Describes all items in a box, including dimensions and weight. In some cases, it may even provide location of items in a box or container. Prices are typically not provided on a packing list. | Packing List |
| Serves three main purposes: contract between shipper and carrier, receipt of goods for the shipper, and it acts as the certificate of ownership | Bill of Lading |
| A document used by the US government to track all items that exported from the US in order to develop a census of US exports each year. It also provides the appropriate export license information for the goods being shipped. | Shippers export declaration |
| A special export license required for items that are heavily policed by the US government, such as weapons, advanced technologies, goods related to nuclear technology, and even goods related to the agricultural industry. | Validated export license |
| Certifies that the goods were in fact manufactured in the country specified. Important for legal purposes and to assess duties | Certificate of Origin |
| Organizations that provide data on suppliers in a region or country. They may be able to report on product quality, reliability, and even on the financial stability of the suppliers | Custom Manufacturing Solutions Organizations |
| The outsourcing of office activities like accounting, human resources, customer service activities (like call centers and customer chat). | Business Process Outsourcing |
| Parts of Social Responsibility | Legal and Ethical Behavior; Sustainability; Commitment to the Community |
| Reasons to be Socially Responsible | Avoid government fines and regulation; Seek positive public image; demonstrate to customers and employees the company’s goals and values; protect the company’s interests |
| Links between SCM and SR | Eliminate waste; Legal and Ethical Business Practices; improve quality of life |
| Challenges of being SR | What’s the right thing to do? Monitoring supply chain partners (and yourself); Tracking outcomes across the supply chain |
| Examples of Ethical Issues in SCM | Rana Plaza. In April 2013, an 8-story building, Rana Plaza, collapsed in Bangladesh injuring over 2,000 people and killing 1,129 people. |
| Tools for managing Ethical SC | Continuous Education and Awareness Programs; Security across the supply chain; Establish a whistleblower program; Monitoring and Auditing Programs |
| Developed by Social Accountability International, is certification that focuses on social responsibility in the work place. | SA8000 |
| Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs | Sustainability |
| Challenges of being sustainable | Motivating supply chain partners; Customers want things that last; Local versus Global management; Lack of understanding/knowledge; Metrics; Managerial support |
| certification of your company can prove to other companies/potential supply chain partners as well as customers that your company is committed to Sustainability at an organizational level | ISO 14000 |
| Triple bottom line | Companies should consider the possible economic, environmental, and social outcomes associated with business decisions |
| Sustainability framework | Triple bottom line; Reduce, reuse, recycle; Cradle to grave design vs. Cradle to cradle design; Closed loop supply chains |
| SED | Shippers export declaration |
| Cycle of using the intermediaries | Freight forwarders--customs house broker--customs--freight forwarders |
| Best security of IP | Mexico |
| Lowest security of IP | China |
| Highest labor cost | Mexico |
| Super Railway (Mexico/US/Canada) | NAFTA |
| Beer Game is an example of what? | Shortage gaming |
| According to lecture, which country has a huge middle class, but a poor highway system that accounts for 2% of all the roads, but must carry 40% of the traffic, often at average speeds of about 20 miles per hour? | India |
| According to the lectures, which of the following voluntary programs was set up by customs to improve supply chain security and to make companies more responsible for their own supply chains? | Customs-Trade Partnership against Terrorism |
| Requirements for successful JIT/Lean Manufacturing implementation include which of the following? | Maintaining close supplier ties Practicing quality at the source practice preventive maintenance Practicing preventive maintenance |
| The best describes a pure PULL system | Make to order |
| In the lectures, which of the following was used as an example of postponement? | the power cords being put into laptop |
| which of the following is a barrier to a company publicizing that it is acting in a socially responsible manner | Media and special interest groups may draw attention to only the negative issues supply chain partners may not be acting in socially responsible ways Some people believe that socially responsible organizations acquire too much social power |
| What did the Wal-Mart do to improve the battery? | Wal-Mart was able to motivate watch suppliers to eliminate mercury in their batteries |
| which of the following is one of the primary challenges that the Starbucks' CAFÉ Practices program faces? | Due to poor IT systems gaining economic transparency from members could difficult |
| How does a company join CAFÉ practices(requirements)? | Independently verified and meet minimum social responsibility criteria |
| Examples of Chains | Wal-Mart; Safeway |
| Examples of Franchise | Seven-eleven; Mc-Docnald |
| According to the lectures, ecologically intelligent design that considers not only the useful life of the product but also the recovery, disposal, and reuse of the materials and components that make up the product is called | cradle to cradle design |
| According to the Business Week article, Wal-Mart is demanding that Chinese suppliers become more environmentally sustainable. In the short-run what will happen to Wal-Mart suppliers that fail to comply? | Wal-Mart will work with suppliers to help them meet standards |
| According to the XBox story told in the lectures, which of the following best describes the electronic manufacturing services (EMS) industry? | Contract manufacturing companies that assemble electronics items like PCs, iPods, XBoxes and other consumer gadgets for big brand name companies like Microsoft or Apple. |
| which of the following is being developed in an effort to help products enter the United States at a faster pace? | A modern economy-friendly cargo railroad, the NAFTA Super-Railway |
| According to the lectures, which practice is characterized | VMI |
| According to lectures, the fabric manufacturer, Rohner, together with McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry utilized a program referred to as: | waste equals food |
| Wal-Mart is demanding that Chinese suppliers become more environmentally sustainable. Which of the following was cited as one of the potential barriers to the success of this program? | Wal-Mart's internal buyer culture that values low price above everything else |
| According to the lectures, which of the following is more in line with the Lean Manufacturing philosophy versus the old school American business philosophy? | quality at the source |
| Which companies manufactured lead based toys to Mattel? | LEE DER; Early Night |
| A company that produces goods behalf of another organization would be called | contract manufacturer |
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