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Criminology Chpt 5
Criminology Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| __________ involves employing the scientific method to produce research findings that can validate a theory. | Positivism |
| According to William Sheldon, who believed that criminals manifest distinct physiques, which somatotype was most likely to become criminal? | mesomorph |
| Which criminologist believed that criminals could be identified by observing the physical traits of offenders? | Lombroso |
| Sociobiology differs from earlier theories of behavior in that it stresses that genetic and biological conditions affect: | how cognitive processes shape socialization and perception. |
| The belief that no serious consideration should be given to biological factors when attempting to understand human nature is known as: | biophobia. |
| The condition that occurs when glucose levels in the blood fall below what is necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning is known as: | hypoglycemia. |
| A number of environmental contaminants have been associated with emotional and behavioral disorders. Which of the following has been linked to aggressive behaviors on both a macro, or national, level and on a micro, or individual, level? | lead |
| Biosocial theorists have evaluated the association between violent behavior episodes and hormone levels. Their findings suggest that abnormal levels of which male sex hormones influence the neocortex and have been linked to aggressive behavior. | androgens |
| The onset of the menstrual cycle triggers excessive amounts of female sex hormones, which affect antisocial, aggressive behavior. This condition is commonly referred to as: | premenstrual syndrome |
| Androgens affect the brain structure in the left hemisphere of the _________. | neocortex |
| The study of brain activity is called: | neurophysiology. |
| __________occur(s) when glucose levels in the blood fall below what is necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning. | Hypoglycemia |
| It has been argued that declining levels of which hormone help to explain the aging-out process? | testosterone |
| Explosive rage disorder is considered an important cause of spouse and child abuse, suicide, aggressiveness, and motiveless homicide. This disorder is a type of: | minimal brain dysfunction. |
| A disorder in which a child shows a developmentally inappropriate lack of attention and an excess of impulsivity is known as: | attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often accompanied by which disorder? | conduct disorder |
| The notion that some individuals may engage in crime because of the attraction of “getting away with it” is known | arousal theory |
| According to Freud, which part of the brain is involved in instant gratification? | id |
| According to Freud, the superego is the _______ aspect of one’s personality. | moral |
| According to Freud, which part of the brain controls impulses and desires for immediate gratification? | ego |
| The psychodynamic model of the criminal offender depicts an aggressive, frustrated person dominated by events that occurred during: | early childhood. |
| Social learning theory holds that people learn to be aggressive through their life experiences. Which of these is not a source of this behavior-modeling process? | religious affiliation |
| People at the highest stages of moral development refrain from crime because they: | believe in duty to others and universal rights. |
| The antisocial personality concept seems to mesh with what is known about chronic offending. Which percent of chronic offenders exhibit sociopathic behavior patterns? | 80 |
| According to the moral and intellectual development branch of cognitive theory, what is wrong with criminals? | They have low levels of moral reasoning development. |
Created by:
walkerl