Question 1

One difference between Islam and Christianity is that:

Accepted Answer

Islam has no sacraments or priests.

Question 2

The armies of Abu-Bakr were able to expand Islam northward out of Arabia largely because of:

Accepted Answer

the weakness of Byzantine and Persian armies because of their wars against each other.

Question 3

Many of the local populations in Byzantium and Persia:

Accepted Answer

viewed the Arab armies as deliverers.

Question 4

An important figure who founded several Merovingian monasteries was:

Accepted Answer

Columbanus.

Question 5

Pope Gregory I:

Accepted Answer

significantly advanced Benedictine monasticism as the major monastic movement in the West.

Question 6

A pandemic broke out in 541–42 which has come to be known as:

Accepted Answer

the Justinianic Plague.

Question 7

The people who took advantage of the weakness of Italy due to Justinian’s policies of reconquest were the:

Accepted Answer

Lombards

Question 8

One result of the campaigns of Belisarius in North Africa and Italy was:

Accepted Answer

the weakening of Constantinople against the Sassanids.

Question 9

The Byzantine economy in the early Middle Ages was:

Accepted Answer

highly regulated, including wage and price controls.

Question 10

The early Byzantine religion was known for its:

Accepted Answer

intense interest in matters of doctrine and orthodoxy.

Question 11

Why did Justinian try to reconquer the western Roman Empire?

Accepted Answer

He sought to revive and reconstruct wholly the old empire.

Question 12

Why did the Romans of Italy and North Africa resent Justinian’s efforts to "liberate" them?

Accepted Answer

There was a heavy cost in taxes and lives.

Question 13

The stability of Byzantine government was the product of:

Accepted Answer

an efficient bureaucracy.

Question 14

The Carolingian Empire collapsed during the ninth century:

Accepted Answer

because of the division of the empire among all the legitimate heirs of Louis and the Frankish aristocracy’s dissatisfaction

Question 15

It is difficult to date the beginning of Byzantine history with precision because:

Accepted Answer

the Byzantine Empire was the uninterrupted successor of the Roman Empire.

Question 16

As a result of the Iconoclastic Controversy:

Accepted Answer

political legitimacy was fundamentally linked to the defense of religious tradition.

Question 17

In the late sixth century C.E., the economy of Arabia:

Accepted Answer

became much more commercially sophisticated as a result of the wars between Byzantium and Persia changing trade routes.

Question 18

Prior to Muhammad beginning to teach his prophecy and his new faith the Arabs:

Accepted Answer

had the concept of Allah as one of several gods.

Question 19

Byzantine monasteries were deeply involved in the Iconoclastic Controversy because:

Accepted Answer

they were major producers of icons, so they supported the use of images in the faith.

Question 20

In 800 Charlemagne:

Accepted Answer

accepted the crown and title of Holy Roman emperor.

Question 21

Why were so many convents (monastic houses for women) founded during the seventh century C.E.?

Accepted Answer

Convents met a variety of social and spiritual needs for aristocratic families.

Question 22

Local lords and chieftains often granted monasteries special privileges:

Accepted Answer

because monasteries often played a key role in economic development and prosperity in a region.

Question 23

Underlying the Carolingian Renaissance was the basic conviction that:

Accepted Answer

classical learning was the foundation on which Christian wisdom rested.

Question 24

As a Christian king responsible for ruling a Christian society, Charlemagne:

Accepted Answer

took responsibility for reforming the religious life of his kingdom just as he reformed its government.

Question 25

Charlemagne was able to contain Umayyad power in Europe by:

Accepted Answer

maintaining diplomatic and trade relations with its rival the Abbasid Caliphate.

Question 26

The rotation of crops:

Accepted Answer

spread labor evenly over the course of the year.

Question 27

The Crusades marked a fundamental turning point in the relationship between:

Accepted Answer

Byzantium and western Europe.

Question 28

The Investiture Conflict was finally resolved by a compromise known as the:

Accepted Answer

Concordat of Worms.

Question 29

During the Investiture Conflict, Pope Gregory VII:

Accepted Answer

excommunicated Henry IV as king of Germany and encouraged all faithful Christians to rebel against his rule.

Question 30

The expansion of the Byzantine Empire during the tenth and early eleventh centuries was assisted by:

Accepted Answer

Christian missionary activity in Russia and the Balkans.

Question 31

One notable religious zealot who promoted the Crusade was:

Accepted Answer

Peter the Hermit.

Question 32

When Alexius Comnenus asked for Western help against the Seljuk Turks, he was hoping for:

Accepted Answer

a force of heavily armored knights to deploy against the lightly armored Turkish cavalry.

Question 33

The most powerful of the heirs of Charlemagne was the Saxon king Otto who:

Accepted Answer

tried but largely failed to dominate the papacy and northern Italy.

Question 34

In 1059, Pope Nicholas II issued a new decree on papal elections, which gave the power to elect future popes to the:

Accepted Answer

College of Cardinals.

Question 35

Serfs were treated like slaves in parts of medieval Europe with a major exception:

Accepted Answer

serfs could not be sold apart from their historic lands.

Question 36

Which of the following was NOT a goal expressed by Pope Urban II for the First Crusade?

Accepted Answer

to slay Christ’s enemies wherever they could be found, especially Jews and Muslims

Question 37

The tenth century was known for ineffective kingship throughout Europe and:

Accepted Answer

an incompetent and largely corrupt papacy.

Question 38

The ______ were a major factor in the creation of new kingdoms and cultural patterns after the decline of the Carolingian Empire

Accepted Answer

Vikings.

Question 39

The new class of lords that arose after 900:

Accepted Answer

claimed descent not from Roman or Carolingian families but Viking warlords like Rollo the Viking.

Question 40

As agricultural production increased and land became more valuable:

Accepted Answer

castles began to appear in the landscape as fortresses to dominate the land.

Question 41

The merging of small individual land holdings into larger, common fields that could be worked by a whole village resulted in the emergence of:

Accepted Answer

manors.

Question 42

Central to the establishment of "feudal" monarchies was the:

Accepted Answer

personal relationship between individuals at each level of feudal society.

Question 43

A major source of mechanical power in medieval Europe after 1050 was the:

Accepted Answer

water mill, which was used to grind grain, crush paper pulp, and press oil.

Question 44

The motive for knights to participate in the Crusades was clearly religious including:

Accepted Answer

a promise to be freed from all penances imposed by the Church.

Question 45

One of the many reforms undertaken by the Clunaic monasteries was to enforce the monastic vow of celibacy on all priests. Some segments of the Church rejected this reform claiming:

Accepted Answer

church fathers, such as Ambrose, had been married.

Question 46

The effect of the crusades on the Muslim world:

Accepted Answer

was not profound.

Question 47

Partly as a result of the Crusades, Europe:

Accepted Answer

learned much from the Islamic world that shaped European civilization in the twelfth century.

Question 48

The Islamic world produced some of the best-known poets in the world, among which is:

Accepted Answer

Umar Khayyam.

Question 49

In 1099 the Crusaders:

Accepted Answer

seized Jerusalem, slaughtering much of its population in the process.

Question 50

The greatest economic consequence of the Crusades was:

Accepted Answer

the wealth gained by Venice and Genoa.

Question 51

King John signed the Magna Carta

Accepted Answer

to define the rights of nobles and limit his power, doing so only because his barons forced him into it.

Question 52

Frederick Barbarossa, the Holy Roman emperor, attempted to reassert his domination of wealthy northern Italian cities, causing the pope to

Accepted Answer

sanction Milan’s formation of an anti-German alliance, the Lombard League.

Question 53

The tradition of French administration that balanced local bureaucratic customs and centrally appointed royal officials began with

Accepted Answer

Philip II, “Augustus.”

Question 54

The ___ Crusade saw three European kings personally join in the Crusade..

Accepted Answer

Third.

Question 55

The religious order that became associated with the administration of the Inquisition was the

Accepted Answer

Dominicans.

Question 56

During the twelfth century, the central focus of Christianity was:

Accepted Answer

the Mass.

Question 57

The first proponent of scholasticism is thought to have been

Accepted Answer

Saint Anselm of Canterbury.

Question 58

The seven liberal arts that the universities of Europe established as their curriculum comprised the:

Accepted Answer

trivium and quadrivium.

Question 59

The term university originally meant a

Accepted Answer

corporation or guild.

Question 60

Perhaps some of the focus on the status and role of noblewomen in places such as Scandinavia, southern Europe, or Aquitaine could be seen in

Accepted Answer

the evolution of the queen in the game of chess.

Question 61

The first ruler to rule a united crown of Aragon was

Accepted Answer

King Alfonso II.

Question 62

Unlike Parliament in England, the Estates General never played a significant role in the evolution of the French government, because

Accepted Answer

the French nobility successfully remained exempted from taxes.

Question 63

The most representative genre of literature popular during the High Middle Ages was the:

Accepted Answer

fabliau.

Question 64

Wolfram von Eschenbach was a German poet known primarily for his

Accepted Answer

story depicting the search for the Holy Grail.

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Unit 3 Quiz

HIS 101

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