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Networking-1

Intro to Networking

TermDefinition
OSI Model Open System Interconnection reference model. 7 layers of protocols that govern communication between computers.
Layer 7: Application Layer Interface between two applications on separate computers. Application programs and Utility programs.
Application programs Provide services to a user, like a browser and Web server.
Utility programs provide services to a system like programs that monitor and gather information about traffic and adverse conditions.
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol, are Utility programs that gather information about network traffic and alert administrators about adverse conditions.
Payload Data that is passed between applications or utility programs in the o.s.
Hosts Two end-system computers that initiate sending and receiving data.
Layer 6: Presentation Layer Responsible for reformatting, compressing, and/or encrypting data that receiving compute can read.
Layer 5: Session Layer Describes how data between applications is synced and recovered if messages don't arrive intact at receiving application.
API call Application Programming Interface call is the method an application uses when it makes a request of the O.S.
Layer 4: Transport Layer Responsible for transporting Application layer payloads from one application to another. Two main protocols are TCP and UDP.
TCP Transmission Control Protocol - Makes a connection with the end host, checks whether the data is received, and resends it if it is not.
UDO User Datagram Protocol - Used for broadcasting, such as streaming video or audio over the Web, where guaranteed delivery is not as important as fast transmission.
Header Layer 5 - 7 protocols add control information added in an area at the beginning of the payload to create a message ready to be transmitted to the Network layer
Encapsulation The process of adding a header to the data inherited from the layer above
port number Number the Transport layer uses to address the receiving application.
Layer 3: Network Layer AKA Internet layer, is responsible for moving messages from one node to another until they reach destination host.
IP Internet Protocol. The principle protocol used by the Network layer.
packet What the message is called after IP adds its own Network layer header to the segment or datagram.
IP address An address assigned to each node on a network that Network layer uses to identify them on the network.
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol. An IP routing protocol.
ARP Address Resolution Protocol. An IP routing protocol.
fragmentation Pieces of a packet that was broke up because it was to large for the network.
Layer 2: Data Link Layer Link layer. Responsible for interfacing with the physical hardware only on the local network.
trailer Control information added in Layer 2 to the end of a packet.
frame Entire Link layer message after Layer 2 adds control information to header and end of packet.
MAC Media Access Control. Frame header contains hardware addresses of the source and destination NIC's called MAC address, physical address, hardware address or Data Link layer address.
Layer 1: Physical Layer Responsible only for sending bits via a wired or wireless transmission.
PDU Protocol Data Unit. Group of bits that move from layer to layer and from one LAN to next.Called a message or transmission.
decapsulation When receiving host removes the header and trailer from a message before it reaches the Web server application .
Created by: ChristyB
 

 



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