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C7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Liz is in a very downcast mood. She has lost weight, has no appetite,constantly fatigued. lost interest in most of her regular activities and hobbies indifferent to her family/friends, thoughts of suicide. What does Liz appear to be suffering from? | Major depressive Disorder |
| How long does the average untreated depressive episode last? | Pregnant |
| Although all symptoms of depression are important, according to the research of Buchwald and Rudick-Davis (1993) and others, which of the following are central to this disorder? | Physical Changes |
| Jackie has depression and is having a particularly hard time with anhedonia. What does this mean? | Jackie cant experience pleasure |
| About 10 percent of major depression episodes last as long as two years; however, most are time-limited. Approximately how long do they usually last? | Nine mnths |
| Andrew has been diagnose with mania. Which of the following symptoms might Andrew be exhibiting? | Grandiosity |
| vWhen used in connection with mood disorders, what does the term “flight of ideas” mean | Rapid speech expressing multiple ideas at once |
| Anne has major depression and her friend Gail is experiencing mania. Both are refusing drug treatment. If both Anne and Gail began feeling symptoms on the same day, what can you predict about when the symptoms will end? | Gails symptoms will go away first |
| Which of the following behaviours might NOT lead to hospitalization for mania? | Recurrent thoughts of suicide |
| What is the average duration of an untreated manic episode? | Two to six months |
| Which of the following is characteristic the manic state? | Irritiability |
| Rick wanted to cure AIDS with vitamins. withdrew all money and purchased thousands of vitamins.hospital emergency room loudly demanding names of patients with AIDS, Rick was hospitalized for psychiatric observation. What is Rick’s most likely diagnosis? | Manic Episode |
| David is with his sister Debbie, who is having a hypomanic episode. He is trying to estimate how many days he will need to take off work to stay with Debbie, what estimate would you give him? | Four days |
| What type of manic episodes occurs in dysphoric mania? | Manic episodes accompanied by depression or anxiety |
| How do depressive disorder, recurrent and major depressive disorder, and single episode differ? | Family hsitory of depression |
| Kathy informed her doctor that she has had three major depressive episodes, which were separated by a two-month period when she did not feel depressed. What is Kathy’s most likely diagnosis? | Major depressive episode recurrent |
| Debbie | Major depressive episode recirrent |
| How does dysthymic disorder differ from major depressive disorder? | Those diagnosed with dysthymia have longer-lasting symptoms of depression. |
| Jack has experienced recurrent episodes of major depressive disorder. In the intervals between the episodes, he does not seem to return to “normal.” During he has been diagnosed as dysthymic. What condition does Jack most likely have? | Double Depression |
| Which of the following is NOT an important reason for identifying the pattern of mood disorder known as “double depression”? | Usually misdiagnosed as bipolar II |
| Jenny has experienced long-standing feelings of depression. During the past 20 days, she has experienced a depressed mood, feelings of emptiness, and significant weight loss. Jenny told a neighbour that she is considering suicide. | Double depression |
| Sarah has major depressive disorder, and her doctor says that she is the average age for someone with major depression. How old is Sarah most likely to be? | 25 years old |
| In severe cases of depression in which the episode lasts five years or longer, approximately what percentage of patients can be expected to recover? | 38 percent |
| In comparison to dysthymia with a later age of onset, which of the following is NOT an associated characteristic of early onset of dysthymia (before age 21)? | Better prognosis |
| What must people understand about depression? | Depression symptoms occur to almost everyone at some point in time |
| Jamie is six years old and has been diagnosed with dysthymic disorder. What disorder is Jamie highly likely to develop as he gets older? | Major depressive Disorder |
| It has been ten days since Diana’s mother died. Diana doesn’t eat, she has lost interest in her usual activities, and she takes no pleasure. All she can do is think about the past and wish she could be with her mother. What is Diana suffering from? | Complicated grief |
| Ms. Barr experienced the death of a close friend three months ago. She is so depressed that she has no appetite or energy, and she is suicidal. What would most mental health professionals conclude that Ms. Barr is experiencing? | pathological grief reaction |
| Victoria has had a history of depressive episodes in the past. Recently, her mother died. What would you predict about Victoria? | Victoria would be more likely to develop a pathological grief reaction than someone without a past history of depression. |
| Four people have just experienced the death of a spouse. Which of the following four is most likely to have a pathological grief reaction? | Beth , who was highly dependant on her husband |
| Which of the following is NOT typically involved in therapeutic approaches used to help the bereaved? | Examining unexpressed hostility towards loved ones |
| Bipolar II disorder is characterized by major depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic episodes, while bipolar I disorder is characterized by alternating episodes of major depression and another symptom. What is the other symptom | Mania |
| What distinguishes bipolar I disorder from bipolar II disorder? | Bipolar I has episodes of mania |
| Jane is diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. Which of the following can we expect her to experience? | She will experience hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes. |
| Jerry experienced a manic episode six months ago, which was followed by a major depressive episode. What would he most likely be diagnosed with? | Bipolar Disorder I |
| Dr. Hammond is frustrated because he is having the same problem with the medical treatment he has prescribed for three different patients with bipolar disorder. What is the most likely source of Dr. Hammond’s frustration? | His patients often stop taking the medication in order to bring on a manic state. |
| For several years now, 20-year-old Cynthia has been considered by her family and friends to be moody, high-strung, explosive, or hyperactive, yet never out of control. What is Cynthia’s most likely diagnosis? | Cyclothymia |
| Which of the following statements best describes the terms used to differentiate mood disorders? | Cyclothymic is to dysthymic as bipolar is to major depressive. |
| When referring to the mood disorders, which of the following terms would family most likely use to describe cyclothymia? | Moody |
| Which of the following individuals is showing signs of cyclothymic disorder? | Ben, who seems to be either depressed or manic but neither his depression nor his manic meet the clinical criteria for a disorder |
| Jason had cyclothymia and was not treated for it. He now has been diagnosed with another, more serious disorder. What disorder is that most likely to be? | Bipolar I Disorder |
| Jeremy has just been diagnosed with rapid-cycling manic-depressive episodes. How many manic episodes must Jeremy have had in the past year?? | Atleast four |
| Which of the following groups encompasses as many as 90 percent of bipolar patients who experience rapid cycling? | Females |
| When is the rapid-cycling specifier added to the diagnosis of bipolar disorder? | When a patient has atleast 4 episodes within a year |
| rates for mood disorders in Canadian studies vary widely, from 4.1 percent in the Ontario Health Survey to 10.3 percent and 11 percent in surveys in Toronto and Calgary, respectively. Roger Bland’s explanation regarding these varying rates? | Different research methods |
| Which disorder puts adolescents at a higher risk for aggression, sexual promiscuity, and accidental injury? | Bipolar Disorder |
| It can be difficult to diagnose depression in older adults because the presentation of mood disorders is often complicated by another variable. What is that variable? | the presence of medical illnesses or symptoms of dementia |
| At what age is the gender difference in the prevalence of depression the greatest? | Adolesence |
| There is some evidence to suggest that many famous creative people have suffered from bipolar disorders. What has this finding led Richards and colleagues (1988) to speculate? | The genetic vulnerability to mood disorders is associated with a predisposition to creativity. |
| evidence that genes have something to do with mood disorders comes from twin studies. The concordance rates of identical twins are compared with those of fraternal twins. What have studies shown the concordance rates in mood disorders are associated with? | severity; if one twin has had three or more major depressive episodes, the chances of his or her twin presenting with a mood disorder is greater |
| Current research into neurotransmitter systems has produced the “permissive hypothesis.” What does this hypothesis state? | When serotonin levels are low, other neurotransmitter systems become dysregulated and contribute to mood irregularities. |
| A friend states he is mildly depressed but he’s not sure, and he asks if there is any kind of laboratory test that could determine whether or not someone is depressed. What would you tell him? | Currently no labratory testing |
| One symptom of depression is an increase in sleeping. What other symptoms related to sleep occur in depression? | decreased delta (slow wave) sleep, the deepest stage of sleep |
| What do we call the phenomenon where individuals who are biologically vulnerable to depression have a tendency to place themselves in high-risk, stressful environments? | the reciprocal gene–environment model |
| Wendy usually says, “It’s all my fault,” when anything goes wrong. Which dimension of the depressive attributional style is she reflecting? | Internal |
| According to Martin Seligman, people become anxious and depressed because they believe that they have no control over the stress in their lives. Which model of depression is this? | Learned helplesness theory |
| In 1989, Abramson and his colleagues revised Seligman’s theory of learned helplessness, which had focused on specific attributions as the crucial factor in depression. What did Abramson and his colleagues change the focus to? | A sense of hopelesness |
| Mack almost always draws conclusions that emphasize the negative rather than the positive. What is Mack exemplifying? | Arbitrary inference |
| A student who has been doing very well in class receives a minor critical comment on an essay she wrote. The student thinks, “This is terrible. I’m probably going to fail the course.” What is this type of cognitive error in thinking? | Overgeneralization |
| Consider Aaron Beck’s depressive cognitive triad. Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that individuals think negatively about? | Their past |
| According to recent research on the development of depression, what type of vulnerability to depression do dysfunctional attitudes (a negative outlook) and hopelessness attributions (explaining things negatively) constitute? | Cognitive Vulnerability |
| In their study of individuals who experienced a marital separation or divorce, but who had no previous history of severe depression, what did Bruce and Kim (1992) find? | Higher rate of depression in men |
| Why does the Canadian National Population Health Survey suggest that men and women have different rates of depression? | Different types of work demands predict depression in women versus men. |
| According to several studies, which of the following has been found to show a strong association with depression in women? | History of childhood abuse |
| Hannah and Greg are the same age and were both laid off from their jobs recently. What can you predict about the likelihood of each of them developing depression? | Greg is more likely to experience depression |
| If Sarah has a low level of serotonin in her system, will she show symptoms of depression? | She will only if the levels are low compared to other neurotransmitters. |
| Karen had a baby about ten months ago. Ever since, she has had a poor appetite and poor self-esteem, been unable to sleep, and been unable to concentrate for any length of time. What Karen is most likely experiencing? | Post Partum Depression |
| Angela belongs to an online support group for mothers with postpartum depression. Recently, ten mothers in the group have had their second child. How many of the mothers are likely to experience postpartum depression following these new births? | Five |
| Which class of drugs includes the antidepressant medications known as imipramine (Tofranil) and amitriptyline (Elavil)? | Tricyclics |
| Kelly has just been prescribed a tricyclic antidepressant for her depression. When can she expect to start feeling benefits from the medication? | Two to eight weeks from now |
| Which herbal treatment has recently gained considerable interest as a treatment for depression? | Hyperikum |
| How are MAO inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants similar? | They both result in the pooling of neurotransmitters at the synapse. |
| Which of the following is a side effect of tricyclic antidepressants? | Sexual Dysfunction |
| Which of the following is a commonly known selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)? | Prozac |
| Reports in the 1990s suggested that the use of Prozac might lead to suicidal preoccupations, paranoid reactions, and occasionally, violence. According to your textbook, what do more recent findings suggest? | They indicate that the risks of suicide are no greater than with any other antidepressant. |
| Which of the following describes what is known regarding drug treatment for depression? | Drug treatments for mood disorders are effective for adults but have sometimes caused sudden deaths in children. |
| Why is the antidepressant medication lithium also referred to as a mood stabilizer? | Because it helps prevent manic episodes |
| Mike has bipolar I disorder. Which of the following medications has most likely been prescribed for him? | Lithium |
| Although the mood-stabilizing drug lithium is the preferred treatment for bipolar disorder, patient compliance has been a problem. Why do patients often stop taking their lithium, even though it is effective in stabilizing their moods? | They miss the euphoric feelings that mania produces. |
| Although electroconvulsive therapy has been a controversial issue for decades, it is an effective treatment for depression. In which of the following cases is it especially effective? | when patient response to antidepressant medication is poor |
| Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) helps depressed patients resolve relationship problems. Which of the following issues is NOT a possible focus of IPT? | Problems in past relatinship |
| t research suggests that it might be possible to “psychologically immunize” at-risk children against depression. What intervention was provided to form the basis of this position? | Children who scored in the “depressed” range were taught cognitive and social problem-solving skills before they entered puberty. |
| Seligman and his colleagues conducted a course in which university students at risk for depression were taught cognitive and social problem-solving skills. What criterion was used to determine whether students in the study were at risk for depression? | A pessimist cognitive style |
| Assuming that the prescribed medication is effective, what is the advantage of combining medication and psychosocial treatments for patients with depression? | Patients may benefit from both rapid drug action and the psychosocial protection against recurrence or relapse. |
| Which of the following is NOT a goal achieved by psychosocial treatments used for bipolar disorder? | learning how to recognize and prevent manic symptoms from developing |
| What was one step taken in Canada that was associated with long-lasting reductions in suicide rates? | restrictive gun-control legislation in the 1970s |
| Which of the following puts you at the greatest risk for committing suicide if you are an Inuit in Nunavik? | Being male |
| What is the only country that has a higher suicide rate for women than for men? | Women |
| Where does a great deal of what we know about the risk factors for suicide come from? | Psychological Autopsies |
| Research has found that low levels of a neurotransmitter may be related to increased risk of suicide. What is that neurotransmitter? | Serotonin |
| Which of the following is associated with approximately one-quarter to one-half of all suicides? | Alcohol Abuse |
| Who would be at the greatest risk for committing suicide? | Mark who has depression and substance abuse |
| Which personality disorder is impulsive suicidal behaviour often a symptom of? | Borderline Personality Disorder |
| Although glorifying and romanticizing suicide in the media contributes to copycat suicides, which of the following is more likely? | that the person copying the suicide is vulnerable due to an existing psychological disorder |
| Which of the following was dropped as an exclusion for a diagnosis of depression when the DSM 5 was published? | A recent death of a loved one |
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