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Topic 9 vocab
Physics Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atomic Spectrum | Atoms with electrons in an excited state emit energy in the form of photons. Each element has a unique characteristic spectrum (pattern) due to its unique orbital arrangement of electrons. |
| Fission | The splitting of the nucleus of an atom, occurring primarily as a result of the nucleus absorbing a neutron. |
| Excited State | In the Bohr model of an atom, any orbit that an electron is allowed to move to that is higher than its lowest energy level. |
| Fusion (Nuclear) | The process of combining two lighter nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. |
| Antiparticle | A particle that has the same mass as another particle but has opposite values for its other properties including charge, baryon number and "strangeness." |
| Electronvolt (eV) | The amount of energy required to move one elementary charge through a potential difference of one volt: 1eV = 1.6 × 10-19 J. |
| Photon | A particle of electromagnetic radiation (light) carrying energy and momentum. |
| Bohr Model | The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom consists of a positively charged nucleus and a single electron revolving in a circular orbit. Bohr assumed that an orbiting electron does not lose energy even though it has an acceleration toward the center. |
| Quarks | Particles composing some nuclear particles (protons, neutrons, and hyperons), called baryons, as well as the intermediate mass mesons. |
| Quanta | The discrete amounts of electromagnetic radiation that can be absorbed or, if excited, emitted by atoms. |
| Balmer Series Spectrum | A series of lines in the visible portion of the hydrogen spectrum, caused by electrons in a higher energy state dropping to the n = 2 level. |
| Binding Energy | The energy that must be supplied to the nucleus in order to separate it into its nucleons. |
| Lepton | A type of subatomic particle, such as the electron, muon and neutrino, that are involved in electromagnetic or weak interactions; a basic elementary particle with no known internal structure and a small mass compared to a hadron. |
| Standard Model | A representation of the basic composition of matter. |
| Wave-Particle Duality | Particles such as electrons, protons and photons that also exhibit wave-like properties. |
| Subatomic Particle | An elementary particle smaller than an atom. |
| Antimatter | Matter that is made up entirely of antiparticles, such as antiprotons, antineutrons and antielectrons (positrons). |
| Atom | The basic unit of molecular structure. |
| Einstein's Mass-Energy Equation | The energy equivalent of an object is proportional to its mass and the square of the speed of light: E = mc2. |
| Universal Mass Unit | A unit of mass in atomic physics given a value of 1/12 the mass of the carbon -12 nucleus. |
| Weak Force | Weak nuclear interaction where leptons (electrons, muons, and neutrinos) are emitted. |
| Strong Force | The force of attraction between two nucleons (proton or neutron) where mesons act as the carrier. |
| Energy Level Diagram | A diagram used to show the various possible energy levels for the electrons in an atom of a particular element, from the ground state up through ionization when the electron is no longer associated with the atom. |
| Meson | A family of subatomic particles, composed of a quark and antiquark, that are involved with strong interactions. |
| Positron | The antiparticle of the electron, having the same mass but positive charge. |
| Atomic Mass Unit (u) | A unit of mass defined as 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12, often abbreviated as amu or simply u. |
| Hydrogen Spectrum | The characteristic wavelengths of the atom hydrogen emitted as a series of "fringes" or lines that has both visible and non-visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. |
| Mass Defect | The amount of mass lost in the form of energy when a nucleus is assembled from the individual nucleons. |
Created by:
jwhitm5
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