Help
Options
Question
Mrs. Sanchez had a great deal of inflammation after her recent surgery. The inflammation was triggered by the antibody known as:
IgE
IgD
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgD
IgA
IgM
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Activated helper T (TH) cells or cytotoxic T (TC) cell clones differentiate into:
Remaining cards (63)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIO 169 _ Lymphatic
Lymphatic System and Immunity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mrs. Sanchez had a great deal of inflammation after her recent surgery. The inflammation was triggered by the antibody known as: IgE IgD IgA IgM | IgE |
| Activated helper T (TH) cells or cytotoxic T (TC) cell clones differentiate into: | effector cells and memory T cells. |
| The drug tacrolimus is used to prevent transplant rejection. Predict the mechanisms of action of tacrolimus. | inhibits T cells |
| Place steps of phagocytosis in the order they occur: 1. Endosome fuses w/ lysozome 2. Dendritic cell engulfs virus 3. Epitopes are attached to MHC-II 4. Digestion of the virus 5. MHC-II & attached epitope move to the outside of the dendritic cell | |
| Patients infected with the hepatitis C virus will most likely receive a treatment based on__________. | interferons |
| Which of the following is NOT a phagocytic cell of the immune system? a. macrophage b. neutrophil c. eosinophil d. basophils | d. basophils |
| Fever is initiated by chemicals called__________. | pyrogens |
| Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal signs of inflammation? a. redness b. fever c. edema d. pain | b. fever |
| What is the role of helper T cells in the adaptive immune response? | Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill infected host cells. - T(h) cells activate B cells that display antigen, causing clonal expansion. T(h) also activate T(c) cells, which will search for and destroy infected host cells. |
| What is meant by the clonal expansion of a B cell? | An activated B cell divides into cells that give rise to memory B cells and plasma cells. - The activated B cell divides until there are many clones. Some differentiate into memory cells, other become plasma cells that produce and secrete antibodies. |
| The student who caught the cold caused by this specific Rhinovirus was exposed to the exact same Rhinovirus 18 months later. What component of the immune system will protect her from getting the same cold again? | Memory B cells - Memory cells to specific virus, stored in lymph nodes for yrs. come into contact w/ specific virus, memory cells divide & differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells. They prevent virus from reaching an infectious titer |
| titer | number that causes infection |
| Correctly order the steps of cellular immunity: 1. Tc recognizes the infected host cell 2. Tc interacts with epitope presented by MHC-I on dendritic cell 3. Tc secretes perforin and granzyme, causing apoptosis 4. helper T cell activates the Tc cell | 2,4,1,3 |
| Which of the following is NOT a step used by cytotoxic T cells to kill infected host cells? -Secretion of granzyme -Recognition of infected host cell using its TCR -Recognition of infected host cell using its CD4 glycoprotein -Secretion of perforin | Recognition of infected host cell using its CD4 glycoprotein - The cytotoxic T cell uses its CD8 glycoprotein to bind to the MHC-I of an infected host cell. |
| Place the steps of phagocytosis in order: 1. Endosome fuses w/ lysozome 2. Dendritic cell engulfs virus 3. Epitopes are attached to MHC-II 4. Digestion of the Rhinovirus 5. MHC-II plus the attached epitope move to the outside of the dendritic cell | 2,1,4,3,5 |
| Which pair of molecules do NOT directly interact with one another? - BCR and TCR - BCR and epitope - CD4 and MHC-II - CD8 and MHC-I | BCR and TCR - Both of these molecules interact with epitopes. BCRs interact with epitopes on the whole pathogen. TRCs interact with processed epitopes when presented on MHC-II. |
| Which is NOT a step that leads to antibody production? - Differentiation of plasma cells - Activation of cytotoxic T cells by helper T cells - Activation of helper T cells by dendritic cells -Naive B cells conducting surveillance for foreign epitopes | Activation of cytotoxic T cells by helper T cells - The activation of cytotoxic T cells leads down the path of cell-mediated immunity. |
| A person who has AIDS contracts rare and often life-threatening infections because their helper T cell count is so low. Which of the following components of the immune response still respond to antigen despite the low helper T cell count? | Clonal selection of B cells - B cells can still bind to antigen, which is the process of clonal selection. However, without a helper T cell, clonal expansion and antibody production will not occur. |
| Adaptive defenses are operating optimally when both __________ and __________ immunity are working together in response to a pathogen. | humoral , cellular |
| What cells display portions of the pathogens (antigens) they ingest on their plasma membranes? | antigen-presenting cells |
| What type of non-phagocytic cell mediates inflammation? | basophil |
| What organ is responsible for producing most of the plasma proteins known as the complement system? | liver |
| Which of the following is NOT a cytokine involved in innate immunity? - tumor necrosis factor (TNF) - interleukins - opsonins - interferons | opsonins |
| Mary's mosquito bite is red, warm, and swollen, indicating she is experiencing the effects of: | the inflammatory response. |
| During the second stage of the inflammatory response, what do neutrophils accomplish when they migrate to areas of damaged tissue? | Neutrophils destroy bacteria and other cellular debris. |
| How long after initial tissue damage does leukocytosis occur? | 2-3 days (3-5 days stated in class) |
| describes pyrogens | Pyrogens cause the hypothalamic thermostat to reset to a higher range. |
| MHC class____molecules are found on all body cells and present antigens to cytotoxic T cells. | MCH Class I |
| Class I MHC molecules are found on__________. | all nucleated cells - Class I MHC molecules are located on all nucleated cells, display endogenous antigens, and interact with Tc cells. |
| self antigens | |
| Where do T cells become immunocompetent? | thymus |
| Class I MHC molecules present ____________ | endogenous antigens |
| What cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunological memory in which the immune response is expedited upon subsequent exposure to an antigen? | memory T cells |
| What protein, released by cytotoxic T (TC) cells, perforates a target cell's plasma membrane so that enzymes can enter and fragment the target cell's DNA? | perforins |
| What is a determinant for organ compatibility and rejection of transplants? | major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules |
| T cells directly interact with antigens without other cells involved. - True - False | false |
| The ___________ is activated the second time you are exposed to a given antigen and is a much more robust and effective response than the primary response. | secondary response |
| Which of the following characteristics of adaptive immunity ensures that vaccination effectively prevents disease? - inflammatory response - immunological memory - immune surveillance - surface barriers | immunological memory - A vaccination involves exposing an individual to an antigen to elicit a primary immune response and generate memory cells. |
| The last step of B cell activation is__________. | plasma cells secrete antibodies - Activated B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which continue to divide and increase their numbers as they actively secrete antibodies. |
| Which of the following is NOT one of the ways antibodies work? - opsonization - agglutination and precipitation - neutralization - release cytotoxic granules | release cytotoxic granules - Certain granular leukocytes are able to release cytotoxic granules, but antibodies are not |
| Which of the following is NOT a type of vaccine? - "killed" vaccine - live, virulent vaccine - subunit vaccine - live, attenuated vaccine | live, virulent vaccine - Live pathogens that are virulent and therefore disease-causing are not used as components of vaccines. |
| The most prevalent antibody, which is able to cross the placenta, is __________. | IgG - IgG consists of a single subunit and accounts for about 75 to 80% of the antibodies in serum. |
| A patient has been potentially exposed to hepatitis A and is receiving human serum antibodies to prevent infection. This is an example of __________. | passive immunity - In passive immunity, preformed antibodies are passed from one organism to another. It can be acquired by a child from the mother or by using antibodies as antivenins, antitoxins, or treatments to neutralize viruses. |
| Determine the first phase of the antibody-mediated immune response. | B cell clones recognize its specific antigen. |
| Immunoglobulins are also known as: | antibodies |
| B cells develop and mature in the: | bone marrow. |
| Clonal selection occurs when: | B cells are activated |
| Activated B cells differentiate into: | plasma cells and memory B cells. |
| _____________ secretes antibodies? | plasma cells |
| The clumping of cells that are cross-linked by their attachments to antibodies is known as: | agglutination |
| What is occuring when an antibody renders bacterial toxins, viral proteins, or animal venom inactive? | neutralization |
| The primary immune response: | occurs after the first exposure to an antigen. |
| Vaccinations involve exposure to an antigen to elicit: | a primary immune response. |
| What of the following confers passive immunity? - antivenin against snake venom - bacterial infection - viral infection - vaccination | antivenin against snake venom |
| Response by neutrophils and macrophages and subsequent activation of B cells and TH cells will most likely indicate__________. | bacterial infection |
| Which cells are responsible for immunological surveillance and cancer prevention? | NK cells - NK cells are cytotoxic and recognize and destroy abnormal cells, such as cancerous cells, and cells infected with certain viruses. |
| What type of cell is activated in lymphatic tissue by macrophages presenting antigens during a viral infection? | helper T (TH) cell |
| What cells play an extensive role in the eradication of bacteria as phagocytes? | neutrophils |
| T cells and natural killer (NK) cells are largely involved in scanning the cells in the body for tumor antigens, a function known as: | immune surveillance |
| Which would lead to an autoimmune response? - Self antigens not previously encountered by T cells are released. - Body cells express MHC class I. - Viruses cause specific B cell activation. - Foreign antigens attack self antigens. | Self antigens not previously encountered by T cells are released. - Infection or trauma might release antigens into the circulation, activating T cells that have not been exposed to antigen during maturation & don't recognize them as self antigen. |
| The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects ________ cells. | TH cells - HIV-1 preferentially binds to and infects cells displaying CD4 molecules. |
| Type I, or immediate, hypersensitivity triggers plasma cells to secrete: | IgE |
| Failure of the thymus to develop, low circulating levels of lymphocytes, and failure of cell-mediated immunity characterize: | severe-combined immunodeficiency (SCID). |
| When a person has an autoimmune disorder, antibodies are secreted that bind to: | self antigens. |
Created by:
Terelle Langley