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geo ch 18,19,& 20
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Domestication | process of training and breeding animals for use by humans |
| communism | system of government in which the government controls the means of production. |
| Eurasia | name some geographers suggest should be used for the landmass of Europe and Asia |
| inland sea | sea that is almost completely surrounded by land |
| tundra | a region where temperatures are always cool or cold |
| taiga | thinly scattered coniferous forests found Europe and Asia |
| steppe | temperate grassland found in Eupoe and Asia |
| multiethnic | composed of many ethnic groups |
| ethnic groups | people who share culture, language, and religion |
| acid rain | rain whose high concentration of chemicals pollutes water, kills plants and animals, and eats away at the surface of rocks. |
| infant mortality | number of children per 1,000 that die within the first year. |
| maternal mortality | number of women who died due to pregnancy and child birth complication per 100,000 births. |
| life expectancy | number of years an individual is expected to live as determined by a statistic |
| who were the first invaders of Russia and Ukraine | Indo-Europeans |
| who invaded Central Asia in A.D. 375 and 600 | Huns & Avars |
| who brought the Islamic religion to the northeastern Causcasus | Arabs |
| What countries gained independence following WWII | Poland, Czechoslavokia and Hungary |
| Who gained control over Eastern Europe | Soviet Union |
| What happened to the Soviet Union in 1991 | the soviet Union dissolved into Russia & smaller national states |
| which nations in Central Europe and northern Eurasia lack seacoasts | Hungary, Sovakia, Czech Republic, Bellarus, Macedoniaq, Serbia, and Moldova |
| Which mountain ranges form the southern border of poland | Sudetic Mts. & Cartathian Mts. |
| what nations cover most of the North European Plain in Central Europe and northern Eurasia | Russia, Ukraine , & Poland |
| Which areas in Central Europe and Northern Eurasia would you expect to focus on farming and why | Grassland/steppe provides fertile soil for agriculture (much of Ukraine and southern Russia) |
| What is the origin of Balkan | origin from turks means a chain of wooded mts. |
| How do physical characteristics affect Siberia's ability to trade with other regions | It has a border along Arctic ocean which freezes over in harsh winter affecting trade with other countries, waterways are impassible |
| what climates are found in Poland | Marine West coast & humid continental |
| which Central European and Northern Eurasian countries have an single predominant climate | Russia, Georgia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, & Czech Republic |
| What nations have Mediterranean climate in at least part of their territory | Bulgaria, Macedonia, Albania, Montenegro, Croatia & Bonia &Herzegovina |
| How has the Russian harsh winter been a benefit to the country | rivers freeze over & residents can ice fish and use rivers as transportation routes for vehicles |
| what ecosystem covers most of Russia | coniferous forest |
| what ecosystem overs most of Ukraine | Temperate grasslands. |
| what 3 types of forest con be found n Central europe and northern Euraisa | Mid-latitude deciduous forest , mixed forest & coniferous forest |
| why are the temperate grasslands of this are suitable for farming | provides fertile soil |
| what is the predominate ecosystem in Poland | Tundra |
| what types of economic activities might you find in areas of high population density | manufacturing & trade |
| why are the eastern portions of Northern Euraisa and the southern borders of central Europe sparsely populated | the temperate grasslands where agriculture is dominate ;farmers live here |
| what obstacles do places like southern Poland, western Russia, the Ukraine and the Czech Republic face in getting their goods to market | numerous mts. ranges keep goods from getting market, horrible roads, few waterways |
| Where is the most likely place that Russia sells the timber it produces in the sougeast | Baltic port (Vyborg along Gulf of Finland) |
| according to the map on page 375 what are 3 rivers that provide water power | Danube River, Dnieper river & S. Bug River |
| What countries have little to no natural resources | Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania , Belarus, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovia, Montenegro, Moldova& Macedonia |
| physical characteristics of Central and Northern Eurasia | Flat broad plains gently rolling hills, &n mountains |
| Major climates | Subarctic & tundra & s. humid continental |
| major ecosystems | tundra & taiga (coniferous forest) |
| ethnic groups | multi ethnic (turks & slavs????) |
| major economic activities | Nomadic herding & commercial farming |
| nations without seacoasts & do not have capitols on coast | Czech Republic , Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Moldova, Belarus, & Macedona |
| who moved into eastern Europe centuries ago | Indo-European Slavs |
| who conquered Bulgaria | the Bulgars |
| Who took control of present day Hungary | Magyars |
| at the end of WWII who gained control of eastern Europe and dominated until 1989 when countries began adopting democracy & market economies | soviet union |
| The dominant climate of Central europe | Humid continental |
| since the 1980's the economies of Central europe and Northern Eurasia have moved formm communism to some form of | capitolism |
| Solidarity | the name of the independent Polish worker's labor union |
| holocaust | slaughter of millions of civilians (mostly Jewish) by Nazis in WWII |
| ghetto | area of city where a minority of people is forced to live |
| poland is covered by the | Northern Plain |
| what religion is the majority of Poles | Roman Catholic |
| poland's natural resources | coal, sulfur, copper, and open fields with fertile soil |
| from the late 1940s until 1989 Poland was controlled by a | communist government backed by the former Soviet Union |
| Poland's transition away form a Communist economy was marked at first by | sharp price increases and high unempleyment |
| collective farm s | are owned and operated by government |
| Slovakia's government has long been based on | farms |
| the landscape of Czech Republic is dominated by | plateaus and mts. |
| most Hungarians are descendants of the | magyars |
| what do the Czech Republic , Slovakia, an Hungary share | western outlooks and ways |
| the economy of Czech Republic is based on | mining |
| Slovakia become an independent nation in 1993 when it split with | The Czech Republic |
| One of the most serious problems facing the Czech Republic is | air and water pollution |
| the landscape of Hungary consists of | a broad plain in the east & plateaus, hill, and valleys in the west |
| the 'bread basket of Europe' is found in the fertile soil of | eastern Hungary |
| Since the end of Communist rule in the balkans | the countries there have had internal strife and conflict |
| the balkan Peninsula is | divided into many small nations |
| Romania has fertile plains and mineral resources yet | its people are impoverished |
| To balkanize | to break up into small, mutually hostile political units |
| for five hundred years, people of the Balkans were ruled by the | turks |
| Bulgaria isknown as the garden of eastern Europe because | its summers are warm and its winters are mild |
| in recent years , Albania has | rebuilt links with other nations |
| Yugoslavia after WWII was | made up of 6 separate repubulics held together only by Communist rule |
| The poorest of the Yugoslav republics before independence was | Macedonia |
| annex | to formally add into a country or state the territory of another |
| Constantinople | capitol of the Byzanatine Empire |
| diversify | to give variety to |
| Kiev | the capital of Ukraine |
| Chernobyl | site of a 1986 nuclear disaster |
| 3 small nations along the eastern shore of the baltic Sea | Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia |
| Main physical feature of the Baltlc states | flat and covered with marshy lowlands |
| why were the Baltic states part of the Soviet union before it broke up n 1991 | soviet union forcibly annexed them after 1939 |
| what is Ukraine's major export to Russia and other nearby nations | food |
| Moldova is a small, landlocked nation that | has close ties to Russia |
| leader of the workers' union, Solidarity, was elected as president of this country in 1990 | poland |
| this nation was once called 'Europe's hermit' because of its isolation | Alabania |
| this country was formerly ruled by Nicolae Ceausescu | Romania |
| After Communist control ended , hostiliy among Serbs, Croats,and Muslims flared into civil war in this country | Bosnia & Herzegovina |
| this country is divided into 2 parts by the Danube River | Hungary |
| This country has 2 regions: Bohemia in the west and Moravia in the east | Czech Repulic |
| this country gained independence in 2006 | montenegro |
| Many people in this Baltic nation favor limiting the extent of Russian influence | Latvia |
| The residents of this country sometimes called it "Little Russia' | Ukraine |
| More then 1/5 of this country's farmland was contaminated when winds blew the radioactive cloud from Chernobyl northward. | Belarus |
| steppe | broad open stretches of land in Russia covered in rich soil |
| permafrost | layer of soil that is always frozen |
| chernozem | black, rich soil formed by the roots of grasses |
| tundra | treeless zone dominated by small plants and animals adapted to polar conditions |
| taiga | forested zone extending across parts of northern Russia |
| russia's highest mt. range | Caucasus Mts. |
| Europe's longest river which drains, into the Caspian Sea | Volga |
| most parts of Russia are located far from any bodies of water therefore, the climate in a major portion of Russia is | continental |
| animals that live in Russia's arctic tundra include | reindeer foxes ,and polar bears |
| located in Asia, the remote western portion of Russia s called | Ukraine |
| command economy | system in which a central authority decides which goods will be produced |
| czar | past Russian monarch |
| perestroika | plan for restruccturing the Soviet economy that called for gradual change from a command system to private ownership |
| glasnost | a policy of openness |
| abdicate | to give up political authority |
| the first Russian state was centered in and around | current ukrainian capitol, Kiev |
| which czar expanded Russian control to parts of Poland, Belarus, and ukraine in the 1700s | Catherine the Great |
| the severity of Russia's cold winters helped defeat invaders form which 2 nations | France and Germany |
| Russian Revolution established an new Communist government | karl Marx |
| the Soviet leader who began glasnost and perestroika | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| what is the official currency of Russia and was initially valued at U.S. $1.75 | ruble |
| where is the official vacation spot in Russia | Black Sea |
| After failing to recognize a declaration of independence in 1994 Russia invaded the republic of | Chechnya |
| more than 3/4 of Russia's raw materials come from the isolated region of | Siberia |
| Some Russian Rivers become transportation arteries during frigid winters when | trucks drive on t;he;m while they are frozen |
| economic uncertainty and social pressures have caused the Russian birthrate in recent years to | decline |
| in addition to major economic problems Russia also has major problems with | the environment |
| The climate of a large portion of Russia is continental because | it is far away from bodies of water |
| Many different peoples have found it easy to migrate across and invade Russia because | there are no any major natural barriers |
| invasions of Russia By France in the `19th century & by Germany during WW II failed largely because | they were not able to deal with the harsh cold climate and lack of food supply |
| in 1917 the Russian czar abdicated because | after defeats in WWI & food shortages people rioted & the government army joined them so he gave up his crown |
| the period after WWII was a high point for Soviet power because | They had a powerful military which made then a world power |
| Mikhail Gorbachev began radical reform of the Soviet system tin the late 1980's because | they were spending too much on the military because of the cold war so people couldn't get food & other things they needed |
| it is difficult for Russia to address its serious environmental problems because | there is a lack of technical expertise & a lack of money so people are more concerned about jobs, food, an housing |
| Nation located in the Julian Alps | Slovenia |
| country joined together after WWI and peacefully separated in 1993 | Czechoslovakia |
| country whose economy deteriorated even more after the break-up of the Soviet Union | Romania |
| longest river in Europe | Volga River |
| elected president of Czechoslovakia and began transition to a free society | Vaclav Havel |
| government makes all of he decisions about the kinds & amounts of goods to be produced | command economy |
| led Romania to economic chaos during the 1980s | Nicolae Ceausescu |
| institution that remained strong in Poland even after the Communist takeover of the country | Roman Catholic Church |
| Gorbchev's policy of economic restructuring | perestroika |
| led a strike of shipyard workers in the Baltic port of Gdansk | Lech Walesa |
| western half of Czech Republic which contains many of the nations mines & industry | Bohemia |
Created by:
ZekeN