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Vet Terminology
Chapter 3 : Meat and Bones
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| oste/o, oss/e, oss/i | bone |
| hemat/o | blood |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| arthr/o | joint |
| ligament | ligament/o |
| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendon |
| synovi/o | synovial membrane/fluid |
| burs/o | bursa |
| spondyl/o and vertebr/o | vertebra(e) |
| disc/o | discs |
| cost/o | ribs |
| onych/o | claw |
| goni/o | angle or seed |
| ankyl/o | bent or stiff |
| my/o and myos/o | muscle |
| fibr/o and fibros/o | fibrous tissue |
| fasci/o and fasc/i | fascia |
| aponeur/o | aponeurosis |
| rhabdomy/o | striated muscle |
| leiomy/o | smooth muscle |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| zygot/o | joined |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| tax/o | coordination or order |
| clon/o | violent action (spasm) |
| tenotomy | surgical division of a tendon |
| tenectomy | surgical removal of a part of a tendon |
| myotomy | surgical incision into a muscle |
| myoplasty | surgical repair of muscle |
| myectomy | surgical removal of muscle or part of a muscle |
| tetany | muscle spasms or twitching |
| tendinitis | inflammation of the band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| rhabdomyoma | benign tumor of striated muscle |
| myotonia | delayed relaxation of a muscle after contraction |
| myositis | inflammation of voluntary muscles |
| myopathy | abnormal condition or disease of muscle |
| myoma | benign tumor of muscle |
| myoclonus | spasm of muscle |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| leiomyositis | inflammation of smooth muscle |
| leiomyoma | benign tumor of smooth muscle |
| laxity | looseness |
| hernia | protrusion of a body part through tissues that normally contain it |
| fibroma | tumor composed of fully developed connective tissue; also called fibroid |
| fasciitis | inflammation of the sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles (fascia) |
| dystrophy | defective growth |
| atrophy | decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ or tissue or cell |
| atonic | lacking muscle tone |
| ataxia | lacking of voluntary control of muscle movement; "wobbliness" |
| adhesion | band of fibers that hold structures together in an abnormal fashion |
| electromyography (EMG) | process of recording the electrical activity of the muscle cells near the recording electrodes |
| electromyogram | the record of the strength of muscle contraction caused by electrical stimulation |
| Teres muscle | muscles are cylindrical |
| Serratus muscle | muscles are saw-toothed |
| Scalenus muscle | muscles are unequally three-sided |
| Rhomboideus muscle | muscles are diamond-shaped |
| Quadratus muscle | muscles are square or four-sided |
| Deltoid muscle | muscles look like the Greek letter delta |
| biceps | muscles that generally have two divisions (heads) |
| triceps | muscles that generally have three divisions (heads) |
| quadriceps | muscles that generally have four divisions (heads) |
| azygous | not paired |
| rectus | straight |
| oblique | slanted |
| transverse | crosswise |
| sphincter | tight band |
| orbicularis | muscles surround another structure |
| intercostal muscles | muscles located between the ribs |
| pectoral muscles | muscles located on the chest |
| epaxial muscles | muscles located above the pelvis |
| infraspinatus muscles | muscles located beneath the spine of the scapula |
| supraspinatus muscles | muscles located above the spine of the scapula |
| inferior | below or deep |
| medius | middle |
| superior | above |
| pronator | muscle that rotates the palmar or plantar surface downward |
| supinator | muscle that rotates the palmar or plantar surface upward |
| rotator | muscle that turns a body part on its axis |
| depressor | muscle that lowers or depresses a part |
| levator | muscle that raises or elevates a part |
| extensor | muscle that straightens a limb or increases the joint angle |
| flexor | muscle that bends a limb at its joint or decreases the joint angle |
| adductor | muscle that moves a part toward the midline |
| abductor | muscle that moves a part away from the midline |
| muscle origin | the place where a muscle begins, or originates, and is the more fixed attachment or the end of the muscle closest to the midline |
| muscle insertion | the place where a muscle ends, or inserts, and is the more movable end or portion of the muscle farthest from the midline |
| tonus | balanced muscle tension |
| neuromuscular junction | the point at which nerve endings come in contact with the muscle cells |
| kinesiology | study of movement |
| antagonistic | muscles that work against or opposite one another |
| synergists or agonistic | muscles that contract at the same time as another muscle to help movement or support movement |
| aponeurosis | fibrous sheet that provides attachment to muscular fibers and is a means of origin or insertion of a flat muscle |
| linea alba | fibrous band of connective tissue on the ventral abdominal wall that is the median attachment of the abdominal muscles |
| tendon | narrow band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
| fascia | a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles |
| ROM | range of motion - amount of movement that occurs at a particular joint or region of the body |
| fixation | when a joint becomes immobilized in a fixed position that may occur at rest or during a normal movement |
| lateral flexion | bowing or bending to each side (right or left) |
| flexion | dorsal arching of the spine |
| extension | ventral arching or straightening of the spine |
| trephination | process of cutting a hole into a bone using a trephine |
| osteotomy | surgical incision or sectioning of a bone |
| osteostomy | surgical creation of a permanent new opening in bone |
| osteoplasty | surgical repair of bone |
| osteoplexy | surgical fixation of a bone to the body wall |
| osteodesis | fusion of bones |
| osteocentesis | surgical puncture of a bone |
| ostectomy | surgical removal of bone |
| onychectomy | surgical removal of a claw |
| laminectomy | surgical removal of the dorsal arch of the vertebra |
| synovitis | inflammation of the synovial membrane of joints |
| subluxation | partial dislocation or displacement of a bone from its joint |
| spur | bony projection growing out of a bone |
| spondylosis | any degenerative disorder of the vertebrae |
| spondylitis | inflammation of the veterbrae |
| periostitis | inflammation of the fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone |
| osteosclerosis | abnormal hardening of bone |
| osteonecrosis | death of bone tissue |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of bone and bone marrow |
| osteomalacia | abnormal softening of bone |
| ostealgia | bone pain |
| osteitis | inflammation of bone |
| luxation | dislocation or displacement of a bone from its joint |
| myeloma | tumor composed of cells derived from hematopoietic tissues of bone marrow |
| IVDD | intervertebral disc disease: rupture or protrusion of the cushioning disc found between the vertebrae that results in pressure on the spinal cord or spinal nerve roos |
| epiphysitis | inflammation of the growth plate |
| bursitis | inflammation of the bursa |
| arthropathy | joint disease |
| arthrodynia | joint pain |
| arthritis | inflammation condition of joints |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| ankylosis | loss of joint mobility caused by disease, injury, or surgery |
| radiology | study of internal body structures after exposure to ionizing radiation |
| arthroscopy | visual examination of the joint using a fiberoptic scope |
| arthrography | injection of a joint with contract material for radiographic examination |
| arthrocentesis | surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid for analysis |
| foramen | opening |
| sternum | breastbone |
| manubrium | the cranial portion of the sternum |
| xiphoid process | the caudal portion of the sternum |
| maxilla | upper jaw |
| mandible | lower jaw |
| cranium | portion of the skull that encloses the brain |
| sinuses | air- or fluid-filled spaces |
| bursa | fibrous sac that acts a cushion to ease movement in areas of friction |
| ligament | connects bone to bone |
| tendon | connects muscle to bone |
| joints/articulations | connections between bones |
| synarthroses joint | allow no movement |
| amphiarthroses joint | allow slight movement |
| diarthroses joint | allow free movement |
| cortical bone | hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone |
| cancellous bone | lighter, less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones |
| physis | growth plate |
| periosteum | fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone |
| endosteum | fibrous tissue that forms the lining of the medullary cavity |
| red bone marrow produces... | blood cells |
| ossification | formation of bone from fibrous tissue |
| epi- | above |
| dia- | between |
| peri- | around |
| -um | structure |
| endo- | within or inner |
| meta- | beyond |
| -poietic | pertaining to formation |
Created by:
BreanaRoss