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Poetry Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| allusion | a reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. |
| antithesis | the use of strongly contrasting words, clauses, sentences or ideas; opposition |
| apostrophe | A literary device which consists of a rhetorical pause or digression to address a person (distant or absent) directly. |
| assonance | the close repetition of similar vowel sounds, in successive or proximate words, usually in stressed syllables. |
| asyndeton | leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses. |
| ballad | one of the earliest poetic forms. It is a narrative that was originally spoken or sung |
| ballad cont. | Is simple. Employs dialogue, repetition, minor characterization.Is written in quatrains. Has a basic rhyme scheme, primarily a b c b Has a refrain which adds to its songlike quality. |
| cacophony | harsh joining of sounds |
| caesura | a pause, usually near the middle of a line of verse, usually indicated by the sense of the line, and often greater than the normal pause. |
| conceit | a type of metaphor that is strikingly odd and thoughtful |
| consonance | a consonant sound is repeated in words that are in close proximity. The repeated sound can appear anywhere in the words, unlike in alliteration where the repeated consonant sound |
| didactic poem | a poem which is intended primarily to teach a lesson. |
| dramatic monologue | The dramatic monologue relates an episode in a speaker’s life through a conversational format that reveals the character of the speaker. |
| elegy | The elegy is a formal lyric poem written in honor of one who has died. Elegiac is the adjective that describes a work lamenting any serious loss. |
| epic | a long, narrative poem that is usually about heroic deeds and events that are significant to the culture of the poet. |
| enjambment | a thought or sense, phrase or clause in a line of poetry that does not come to an end at the line break but moves over to the next line. |
| epithet | description of a place, a thing or a person in such a way that it helps in making the characteristics of a person, thing or place more prominent than they actually are. Also, it is known as a by-name or descriptive title. |
| extended metaphor | a metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work |
| euphony | style in which combinations of words pleasant to the ear predominate. It’s opposite is cacophony. |
| eye rhyme | rhyme that appears correct from spelling, but is half-rhyme or slant rhyme from the pronunciation. |
| free verse | poetry which is not written in a traditional meter but it still rhythmical |
| internal rhymev | rhyme that occurs within a line, rather than at the end. |
| lyric poem | a poem that presents a single speaker who expresses thoughts and feelings, which are usually not easily understood |
| meter | Repeated patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry (from the Greek, "metron": “measure”). |
| Types of meter | iambic, with measures of two syllables, in which the first is unstressed and the second is stressed; e.g. “To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield” (A. Tennyson, “Ulysses”); |
| metonymy | a figure of speech which is characterized by the substitution of a term naming an object closely associated with the word in mind for the word itself. |
| narrative poem | a poem which tells a story or presents a narrative. |
| parallelism | the coordination of sentence syntax, word order, and ideas. It is used for effect and emphasis. |
| refrain | a group of words forming a phrase or sentence and consisting of one or more lines repeated at intervals in a poem, usually at the end of a stanza. |
| slant rhyme | Half rhyme is one of the major poetic devices. It is also called an imperfect rhyme, slant rhyme, near rhyme or oblique rhyme. |
| sonnet | The sonnet is the most popular form of fixed poetry. It is usually written in iambic pentameter and is always 14 lines. There are 2 basic sonnet forms: the Italian or Petrarchan sonnet, and the English or Shakespearean sonnet. |
| speaker | the voice that speaks behind the scene. In fact, it is the narrative voice that speaks of a writer’s feelings or situation |
| synecdoche | understanding one thing with another; the use of a part for the whole, or the whole for the part. |
| villanelle | a poem that has six stanzas: five tercets, and a final quatrain. It utilizes two refrains: The first and last lines of the first stanza alternate as the last line of the next four stanzas and then form a final couplet in the quatrain. |
| ballad cont. 2 | Is composed of two lines of iambic tetrameter which alternate with two lines of iambic trimeter |
| Types of meter 2 | dactylic, with measures of three syllables, in which the first is stressed, the other two are not, e.g.: “Rage, goddess, sing the rage, of Peleus’ son, Achilles” (Homer, The Iliad); |
| Types of meter 3 | trochaic, with measures of two syllables, the first stressed and the second unstressed, e.g.: “”Peter, Peter, pumpkin eater” (Nursery Rhyme); |
| Types of meter 4 | anapestic, with measures of three syllables, with the only accent on final syllable, e.g.: “The Assyrian came down like the wolf on the fold, And his cohorts were gleaming in purple and gold” (Byron, Destruction of Sennacherib); |
| Types of meter 5 | spondaic, with measures of two syllables, both of them stressed, e.g.: “Rocks, caves, lakes, fens, bogs, dens and shades of death” (Milton, Paradise Lost). |
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